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I called upon him for advice

  • 1 pedir

    v.
    1 to ask for.
    pedir algo a alguien to ask somebody for something
    pedir a alguien que haga algo to ask somebody to do something
    pedir a alguien (en matrimonio) to ask for somebody's hand (in marriage)
    pedir (prestado) algo a alguien to borrow something from somebody
    pide un millón por la moto he's asking a million for the motorbike
    Yo pido una pizza I ask for a pizza.
    Yo le pido a María una pizza I ask Mary for a pizza.
    Yo le pido a María I ask Mary.
    2 to order.
    ¿qué has pedido de postre? what have you ordered for dessert?
    3 to demand.
    4 to call for, to need.
    5 to beg.
    6 to ask to, to request to.
    Yo pedí hablar en la reunión I requested to talk at the meeting.
    7 to require.
    El caso pide una acción immediata The case requires immediate action.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ SERVIR], like link=servir servir
    1 (gen) to ask for
    2 (mercancías, en restaurante) to order
    ■ ¿qué has pedido de postre? what did you order for dessert?
    3 (necesitar) to need, cry out for
    \
    a pedir de boca just right, perfectly
    pedir la cuenta to ask for the bill
    pedir la mano de alguien to ask for somebody's hand in marriage
    * * *
    verb
    1) to ask for, request
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=rogar, solicitar) to ask for

    ¿habéis pedido ya la cuenta? — have you asked for the bill yet?

    • pedir cuentas a algn — to demand an explanation from sb

    • pedir algo a Dios — to pray to God for sth

    • pedir disculpas — to apologize

    • pedir algo por favor, me pidió por favor que fuera discreto — he asked me to please keep it to myself

    te lo pido por favor, quédate conmigo — please stay with me

    • pedir limosna — to beg

    pido la palabra, señoría — permission to speak, my lord

    • pedir perdón — (=disculparse) to apologize; [suplicando] to beg (for) forgiveness

    - ¿qué más se puede pedir?
    2) (Com) (=encargar) to order
    3) [en un restaurante] to order; [en un bar] to ask for, order

    hemos pedido dos cafés y un té — we've asked for o ordered two coffees and a tea

    4) [para casarse] to propose to

    • pedir la mano de algn — to ask for sb's hand

    5) (Jur) [+ condena] to ask for
    6) (=requerir) to need

    • pedir algo a gritos o voces — to be crying out for sth

    7) (tb: pedir prestado) to borrow

    me pidió prestado el coche — he asked if he could borrow the car, he asked to borrow the car

    2. VI
    1) (=rogar)

    • pedir por algn — (Rel) to pray for sb

    2) (=pedir dinero) [mendigo] to beg; [voluntario] to collect money
    3) [en un bar, restaurante] to order

    ¿habéis pedido ya? — have you ordered yet?

    boca 1., 3)
    3.
    See:
    PEDIR ¿"Ask" o "ask for"? ► La expresión pedir algo se traduce por ask for something: Pidieron muchas cosas diferentes They asked for many different things Si el verbo pedir lleva dos complementos, el complemento de persona siempre va delante: Pídele un lápiz a la profesora Ask the teacher for a pencil ► La estructura pedir a alguien que haga algo, se traduce al inglés por ask + ((objeto)) + ((construcción de infinitivo)): Le pedí a mi hermana que me trajera una alfombra de Turquía I asked my sister to bring me a rug from Turkey Le pediremos que nos haga un descuento We'll ask him to give us a discount Si el contexto es más formal pedir también se puede traducir por request: Ambas partes en conflicto están pidiendo ayuda al extranjero Both sides are requesting help from abroad Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <dinero/ayuda> to ask for

    me pidió disculpas or perdón — he apologized (to me)

    me pidió explicaciones or cuentas — he asked me to justify my actions

    ¿qué más se puede pedir? — what more could you ask for?

    pidió que lo trasladaran — he asked to be transferred; ver prestado

    b) (en bar, restaurante) <plato/bebida> to order; < cuenta> to ask for
    2) (Com)

    ¿cuánto pide por la casa? — how much is she asking for the house?

    b) < mercancías> to order
    4) ( requerir) to need

    esta planta está pidiendo a gritos que la rieguen — this plant is crying out to be watered

    2.
    pedir vi
    a) ( mendigar) to beg
    b) (en bar, restaurante) to order
    c) ( para tener algo) (AmL) to ask
    * * *
    = ask, ask for, have + calls for, call for, call on/upon, canvass, instruct, invite, order, plead for, request, require, prompt, bid, beg, howl for, cadge, call on/upon, bay.
    Ex. This recommendation asks the cataloguer to ascertain the name by which an author is commonly known.
    Ex. Good luck and don't hesitate to ask me or anyone on the management team for advice or assistance!.
    Ex. For some while there have been calls for an abbreviated version of AACR, for small libraries and for non-cataloguers.
    Ex. The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.
    Ex. This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.
    Ex. A change to 48% reduction instead of the present 24% is being canvassed, in order to keep the size within bounds, but this should not cause any serious problems in use, particularly as many modern microform readers have dual magnification.
    Ex. Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.
    Ex. Members of the audience were invited to ask questions, make statements, and express themselves freely.
    Ex. Edge notch cards are often ordered in a size tailored to the demands of the index, and can be purchased with any coding that the index designer specifies.
    Ex. I would plead for more standardization, not less, because I think whatever we do is going to be imperfect.
    Ex. Also, with online display, the user should be able to request displays indicating different levels of specificity.
    Ex. If the library wants all users to have passwords, an authorization level of 1 can be assigned in the search function to force the system to require a password.
    Ex. You will be prompted to choose a file; your last search will then be executed automatically in the file that you choose.
    Ex. 'Sit down please,' he bade her.
    Ex. A sociologist at Yale begs libraries to keep information from him - he says that information seeks him everywhere in this world of email, fax and telephone.
    Ex. The article ' Howling for change' suggests what can be done to halt the decline of the book industry.
    Ex. For the most part it is a story of bug-ridden rooms in working-men's hotels, of fights, drinking bouts, cheap brothels, Russian refugees, cadging.
    Ex. The difference is only that an indexer is not usually called upon to appreciate the subtleties of the subject to the same extent as an abstractor.
    Ex. If the Holocaust cannot be discussed freely then stop baying about freedom of speech.
    ----
    * a pedir de boca = without a hitch.
    * pedir ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.
    * pedir ayuda a = enlist + the cooperation of.
    * pedir con insistencia = urge, urging.
    * pedir dinero prestado = borrow + money.
    * pedir disculpas = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.
    * pedir encarecidamente = urge, appeal for, make + a plea for, urging.
    * pedir en préstamo = borrow.
    * pedir especialmente = special order.
    * pedir información = request + information.
    * pedir información de = ask for + details of.
    * pedir información sobre = enquire of [inquire of, -USA].
    * pedir la cabeza de Alguien = bay for + Posesivo + blood.
    * pedir la documentación = card.
    * pedir la identificación = card.
    * pedir la luna = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.
    * pedir la opinión sobre = ask for + opinion on.
    * pedirle cuentas a Alguien = bring + Nombre + to book.
    * pedirle peras al olmo = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.
    * pedir perdón = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.
    * pedir prestado = borrow.
    * pedir rescate por Algo = hold + Nombre + for ransom.
    * pedir sugerencias = solicit + recommendations.
    * pedir un deseo = make + a wish, mounting problems.
    * pedir un préstamo = take + a loan.
    * pedir un rescate = ransom.
    * pedir venganza = bay for + vengeance, bay for + blood.
    * persona que pide asilo = asylum seeker.
    * salir a pedir de boca = come up + roses, go off without + a hitch.
    * volver a pedir = reorder [re-order].
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <dinero/ayuda> to ask for

    me pidió disculpas or perdón — he apologized (to me)

    me pidió explicaciones or cuentas — he asked me to justify my actions

    ¿qué más se puede pedir? — what more could you ask for?

    pidió que lo trasladaran — he asked to be transferred; ver prestado

    b) (en bar, restaurante) <plato/bebida> to order; < cuenta> to ask for
    2) (Com)

    ¿cuánto pide por la casa? — how much is she asking for the house?

    b) < mercancías> to order
    4) ( requerir) to need

    esta planta está pidiendo a gritos que la rieguen — this plant is crying out to be watered

    2.
    pedir vi
    a) ( mendigar) to beg
    b) (en bar, restaurante) to order
    c) ( para tener algo) (AmL) to ask
    * * *
    = ask, ask for, have + calls for, call for, call on/upon, canvass, instruct, invite, order, plead for, request, require, prompt, bid, beg, howl for, cadge, call on/upon, bay.

    Ex: This recommendation asks the cataloguer to ascertain the name by which an author is commonly known.

    Ex: Good luck and don't hesitate to ask me or anyone on the management team for advice or assistance!.
    Ex: For some while there have been calls for an abbreviated version of AACR, for small libraries and for non-cataloguers.
    Ex: The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.
    Ex: This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.
    Ex: A change to 48% reduction instead of the present 24% is being canvassed, in order to keep the size within bounds, but this should not cause any serious problems in use, particularly as many modern microform readers have dual magnification.
    Ex: Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.
    Ex: Members of the audience were invited to ask questions, make statements, and express themselves freely.
    Ex: Edge notch cards are often ordered in a size tailored to the demands of the index, and can be purchased with any coding that the index designer specifies.
    Ex: I would plead for more standardization, not less, because I think whatever we do is going to be imperfect.
    Ex: Also, with online display, the user should be able to request displays indicating different levels of specificity.
    Ex: If the library wants all users to have passwords, an authorization level of 1 can be assigned in the search function to force the system to require a password.
    Ex: You will be prompted to choose a file; your last search will then be executed automatically in the file that you choose.
    Ex: 'Sit down please,' he bade her.
    Ex: A sociologist at Yale begs libraries to keep information from him - he says that information seeks him everywhere in this world of email, fax and telephone.
    Ex: The article ' Howling for change' suggests what can be done to halt the decline of the book industry.
    Ex: For the most part it is a story of bug-ridden rooms in working-men's hotels, of fights, drinking bouts, cheap brothels, Russian refugees, cadging.
    Ex: The difference is only that an indexer is not usually called upon to appreciate the subtleties of the subject to the same extent as an abstractor.
    Ex: If the Holocaust cannot be discussed freely then stop baying about freedom of speech.
    * a pedir de boca = without a hitch.
    * pedir ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.
    * pedir ayuda a = enlist + the cooperation of.
    * pedir con insistencia = urge, urging.
    * pedir dinero prestado = borrow + money.
    * pedir disculpas = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.
    * pedir encarecidamente = urge, appeal for, make + a plea for, urging.
    * pedir en préstamo = borrow.
    * pedir especialmente = special order.
    * pedir información = request + information.
    * pedir información de = ask for + details of.
    * pedir información sobre = enquire of [inquire of, -USA].
    * pedir la cabeza de Alguien = bay for + Posesivo + blood.
    * pedir la documentación = card.
    * pedir la identificación = card.
    * pedir la luna = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.
    * pedir la opinión sobre = ask for + opinion on.
    * pedirle cuentas a Alguien = bring + Nombre + to book.
    * pedirle peras al olmo = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.
    * pedir perdón = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.
    * pedir prestado = borrow.
    * pedir rescate por Algo = hold + Nombre + for ransom.
    * pedir sugerencias = solicit + recommendations.
    * pedir un deseo = make + a wish, mounting problems.
    * pedir un préstamo = take + a loan.
    * pedir un rescate = ransom.
    * pedir venganza = bay for + vengeance, bay for + blood.
    * persona que pide asilo = asylum seeker.
    * salir a pedir de boca = come up + roses, go off without + a hitch.
    * volver a pedir = reorder [re-order].

    * * *
    pedir [ I14 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹dinero/ayuda› to ask for
    pidieron un préstamo al banco they asked the bank for a loan
    pidió permiso para salir she asked permission to leave
    me pidió consejo he asked my advice, he asked me for advice
    pide limosna a la puerta de la iglesia he begs (for money) at the church door
    préstamelo, te lo pido por favor please lend it to me
    si no me lo pides por favor no te lo doy I won't give it to you unless you say please o unless you ask nicely
    nadie te ha pedido (tu) opinión nobody asked (for) your opinion
    me pidió disculpas or perdón por lo que había hecho he apologized for what he had done
    pídele perdón a tu padre apologize to o say you're sorry to your father
    ¿quién eres tú para venir a pedirme cuentas or explicaciones? who do you think you are, asking me to justify my actions?
    pedir hora to make an appointment
    pedir la palabra to ask for permission to speak
    pide cuatro años de cárcel para los acusados he is asking for a four-year sentence for the accused
    es un sitio donde se come barato y bien, no se puede pedir más it's the sort of place where you can eat cheaply and well, what more could you ask for? o it's ideal
    está haciendo todo lo posible, no se le puede pedir más she's doing all she can, you can't ask for more than that o that's all you can ask
    pedir QUE + SUBJ:
    me pidió que le comprara el periódico he asked me to buy him the newspaper
    pidió que lo trasladaran he asked to be transferred
    2 (en un bar, restaurante) to order
    pedimos pescado de segundo we ordered fish for our second course
    pide la cuenta y nos vamos ask for o get the check ( AmE) o ( BrE) bill and we can go
    B ( Com)
    1 (como precio) pedir algo POR algo to ask sth FOR sth
    ¿cuánto pide por la casa? how much is she asking for the house?
    2 ‹mercancías› to order
    C
    (para casarse): pedir a una mujer en matrimonio to ask for a woman's hand in marriage ( frml)
    le pedí la mano de su hija I asked for his daughter's hand in marriage ( frml), I asked to marry his daughter
    vino a pedir a mi hermana he came to ask if he could marry my sister
    D (requerir) to need
    este pescado pide un buen vino blanco this fish needs a good white wine to go with it, this fish would go well with a good white wine
    ese vestido pide unos zapatos más altos that dress needs shoes with a higher heel
    está pidiendo una bofetada she's asking for a slap
    esta planta está pidiendo a gritos que la rieguen this plant is crying out to be watered
    ■ pedir
    vi
    1 (mendigar) to beg
    pide a la puerta de la iglesia he begs at the church door
    2 (en un bar, restaurante) to order
    pidió para salir temprano he asked if he could go early o he asked permission to go early
    estos niños sólo saben pedir these chidren are very demanding o do nothing but make demands
    ( leng infantil); to have dibs on ( AmE colloq), to bags ( BrE colloq)
    me pido la cama de arriba I have dibs on the top bunk, I bags the top bunk
    * * *

     

    pedir ( conjugate pedir) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹dinero/ayuda› to ask for;


    pidió permiso para salir she asked permission to leave;
    pide limosna he begs (for money);
    pedirle algo a algn to ask sb for sth;
    le pidió ayuda he asked her for help;
    me pidió disculpas or perdón he apologized (to me);
    pedir hora to make an appointment;
    pedir la palabra to ask for permission to speak;
    me pidió que le enseñara he asked me to teach him;
    ver prestado
    b) (en bar, restaurante) ‹plato/bebida› to order;

    ‹ cuenta› to ask for
    2 (Com)
    a) ( como precio) pedir algo POR algo to ask sth for sth;

    ◊ ¿cuánto pide por la casa? how much is she asking for the house?


    verbo intransitivo
    a) (en bar, restaurante) to order


    pedir verbo transitivo
    1 (un favor) to ask: me pidió que la ayudara, he asked me to help her
    2 (una cosa) to ask for: el niño le pidió unos caramelos, the child asked him for some sweets ➣ Ver nota en ask
    3 (en la tienda, en el bar, etc) to order
    4 (limosna) to beg
    5 (requerir, necesitar) to need: ese coche está pidiendo que lo laven, that car needs washing
    ♦ Locuciones: pedir a gritos, to cry out
    pedir disculpas, to apologize
    pedir prestado, to borrow
    a pedir de boca, just fine
    ' pedir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    apestosa
    - apestoso
    - bastar
    - boca
    - cita
    - cobrar
    - cuenta
    - demandar
    - disculpa
    - hora
    - luna
    - pera
    - perdón
    - prestar
    - requerir
    - socorro
    - voz
    - asilo
    - audiencia
    - auxilio
    - aventón
    - cola
    - excusar
    - gorrear
    - informe
    - justicia
    - limosna
    - mano
    - ordenar
    - palabra
    - palmada
    - pida
    - prestado
    - qué
    - raid
    - turno
    - vez
    English:
    apologetic
    - appeal
    - apply for
    - appointment
    - ask
    - ask for
    - asylum
    - beg
    - borrow
    - clamor
    - clamour
    - cry out for
    - formality
    - get
    - have
    - invite
    - may
    - order
    - permission
    - propose
    - request
    - seek
    - send away for
    - send for
    - send off for
    - shall
    - sorry
    - summon
    - tall order
    - want
    - wish
    - write back
    - write off
    - apologize
    - by
    - call
    - claim
    - cry
    - hitch
    - impossible
    - make
    - might
    - place
    - send
    - urge
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [solicitar] to ask for;
    pedir algo a alguien to ask sb for sth;
    me pidió (mi) opinión she asked me (for) my opinion;
    pedir un taxi (por teléfono) to ring for a taxi;
    pedir a alguien que haga algo to ask sb to do sth;
    le pido que sea breve, por favor I would ask you to be brief, please;
    pedir a alguien en matrimonio, pedir la mano de alguien to ask for sb's hand (in marriage);
    pedir prestado algo a alguien to borrow sth from sb;
    pide un millón por la moto he's asking a million for the motorbike;
    no tienes más que pedirlo all you need to do is ask;
    si no es mucho pedir if it's not too much to ask;
    CAm, Méx
    pedir raid to hitch a ride o Br lift
    2. [en bares, restaurantes] to order;
    ¿qué has pedido de postre? what have you ordered for dessert?
    3. [mercancías] to order;
    pedir algo a alguien to order sth from sb
    4. [exigir] to demand;
    ¡pido que se me escuche! I demand to be heard!;
    le pedimos al gobierno una inmediata retirada de las tropas we demand that the government withdraw its troops immediately;
    la acusación pide veinte años de cárcel the prosecution is asking for twenty years
    5. [requerir] to call for, to need;
    los cactus piden poca agua cacti don't need a lot of water;
    esta cocina está pidiendo a gritos que la limpies this kitchen is crying out for you to clean it
    ♦ vi
    1. [mendigar] to beg;
    hay mucha gente pidiendo por la calle there are a lot of beggars in the streets
    2. [en bares, restaurantes] to order;
    ¿han pedido ya? have you ordered?
    3. [rezar]
    pedir por el alma de alguien to pray for sb's soul
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 ask for;
    pedir algo a alguien ask s.o. for sth;
    me pidió que no fuera he asked me not to go;
    te lo pido I beg you
    2 ( necesitar) need
    3 en bar, restaurante order
    II v/i
    1 ( mendigar) beg
    2 en bar, restaurante order
    * * *
    pedir {54} vt
    1) : to ask for, to request
    le pedí un préstamo a Claudia: I asked Claudia for a loan
    2) : to order (food, merchandise)
    3)
    pedir perdón : to apologize
    pedir vi
    1) : to order
    2) : to beg
    * * *
    pedir vb
    1. (en general) to ask for
    ¿cuánto piden por el cuadro? how much are they asking for the picture?
    2. (un favor) to ask
    3. (en restaurante) to order
    ¿qué has pedido de segundo? what have you ordered for your main course?
    pedir / pedir limosna to beg [pt. & pp. begged]

    Spanish-English dictionary > pedir

  • 2 bueno

    adj.
    1 good, fine, okay.
    2 good-hearted, decent, kind, good.
    3 good, suitable, wholesome.
    4 favorable, good.
    intj.
    1 okay.
    2 now then.
    3 hello.
    * * *
    1 (gen) good
    2 (persona - amable) kind; (- agradable) nice, polite
    3 (tiempo) good, nice
    4 (apropiado) right, suitable; (correcto) right
    5 (de salud) well
    ■ ¿ya estás buena? are you better now?
    6 (grande) big; (considerable) considerable
    ► interjección ¡bueno!
    1 (sorpresa) well, very well; (de acuerdo) all right!
    \
    de buenas a primeras familiar all of a sudden, just like that
    estar bueno,-a to be in good health 2 familiar to be good-looking
    estar de buen ver to be good-looking
    por la buenas willingly
    ¡ésta sí que es buena! familiar that's a good one!
    buen humor good humour (US humor)
    buenas noches good evening
    buenas tardes good afternoon
    buenos días good morning
    la buena mesa good food
    la buena vida the good life Table 1 NOTA See also buen/Table 1
    * * *
    (f. - buena)
    adj.
    1) good
    2) kind, nice
    3) large, considerable
    4) healthy, well
    * * *
    bueno, -a
    1. ADJ
    ( antes de sm sing buen)
    1) [gen] good; [tiempo] fine, good, fair

    la mano buena — hum the right hand

    ¡bueno está! — LAm that's enough!

    ¡qué bueno! — esp LAm excellent!, great!

    lo bueno es que... — the best thing is that..., the best part is that...

    lo bueno fue que ni siquiera quiso venir — the best thing o part was that he didn't even want to come

    2) (=bondadoso) [persona] kind, good

    es buena persona — he's a nice person, he's a good sort

    3) (=apropiado) good
    4) [de salud]
    5) * (=atractivo)
    6) (=considerable) good, large

    un buen número de... — a good o large number of...

    un buen trozo de... — a nice big piece of...

    7) iró

    ¡buen conductor! — a fine driver you are!, some driver you are!

    ¡esa sí que es buena! — that's a good one!

    ¡buena la has liado o hecho! — you've really gone and done it now!

    ¡en buen lío me he metido! — I've got myself into a fine mess!

    ¡estaría bueno! — * I should hope not!

    estaría bueno que... — it would be just great if...

    luego verás lo que es bueno — * then you'll see

    le pusieron bueno — * (=lo pegaron) they beat the living daylights out of him *; (=lo criticaron) they slagged him off *

    8) [en saludos]

    ¡buenas! — hello!

    buenas tardes — [a primera hora] good afternoon; [más tarde] good evening

    ¿qué hay de bueno? — what's new?

    9)

    por las buenas —

    si no me obedeces por las buenas, tendrás que hacerlo por las malas — you can either do as I say willingly, or I'll have to force you to do it

    2.
    ADV

    ¡bueno! — all right!, O.K.!; Méx (Telec) hello!

    bueno, pues... — well...

    bueno, resulta que... — well, it so happens that...

    bueno, ¿y qué? — well, so what?, well?

    ¡pero bueno, cómo puedes ser tan bruto! — honestly, how can you be so stupid!

    pero bueno, no nos vamos a meter en historias — but anyway, let's not go into this

    3. SM / F
    1)

    el bueno — [de la película] the goody *, the good guy *

    2)
    * * *
    I
    - na adjetivo
    [ buen is used before masculine singular nouns]
    1)
    a) [ser] ( de calidad) <hotel/producto> good
    b) ( valioso) good

    buenos consejos — good o useful advice

    c) (válido, correcto) <razón/excusa> good

    bueno está lo bueno (pero no lo demasiado) — (fam) you can have too much of a good thing

    2)
    a) [ser] ( competente) <médico/alumno> good

    ser bueno para algo: es muy buena para los negocios — she's got a very good head for business

    b) <padre/marido/amigo> good
    c) (eficaz, efectivo) <remedio/método> good

    es bueno para la gripe/los dolores de cabeza — it's good for the flu/headaches

    3) ( favorable) <oferta/suerte> good

    en las buenas — (CS) in the good times

    estar de buenas — ( de buen humor) (fam) to be in a good mood; ( afortunado) (Col fam) to be lucky

    4) [ser] ( conveniente) good
    5) (ingenioso, divertido) <chiste/idea> good, great (colloq)

    lo bueno fue que... — the funny thing was...

    6)
    a) ( agradable) nice

    ser bueno — to be good, be nice; (- de algo en particular)

    estar bueno — to be good, be nice

    c)

    qué bueno! — (AmL) great!

    7) [estar] ( en buen estado)

    ¿este pescado estará bueno? — do you think this fish is all right?

    8) [estar] (fam) ( sexualmente atractivo)
    9) (saludable, sano) <costumbre/alimentación> good

    bueno y sano — (Chi) ( sin novedad) safe and sound; ( sobrio) sober

    10) (en fórmulas, saludos) good

    buenos días! or (RPl) buen día! — good morning

    buenas tardes! — ( temprano) good afternoon; ( más tarde) good evening

    buenas noches! — ( al llegar) good evening; ( al despedirse) good night

    buen provecho! — enjoy your meal, bon appetit

    11)
    a) [ser] ( en sentido ético) good
    b) [ser] < niño> good
    12) (iró & fam)

    estaría bueno que ahora dijera que no! — it'd be just great if he said no now! (iro & colloq)

    de los buenos/de las buenas — (fam)

    14)

    un buen día se va a cansar y... — one day o one of these days she's going to get fed up and...

    un buen día llegó y dijo... — one (fine) day she came home and said...

    •
    II
    - na masculino, femenino
    a) (hum o leng infantil) (en películas, cuentos) goody (colloq)
    b) (bonachón, buenazo)

    el bueno de Juan/la buena de Pilar — good old Juan/Pilar

    III
    1)
    a) (expresando conformidad, asentimiento) OK (colloq), all right

    ¿un café? - bueno — coffee? - OK o all right

    b) (expresando duda, indecisión, escepticismo) well

    bueno... ¿qué quieres que te diga? — well... what can I say?

    bueno, otra vez será — never mind, maybe next time

    2)

    bueno, se acabó a la cama! — right, that's it, bed!

    pero, bueno ¿lo quiere o no? — well, do you want it or not?

    y bueno! ¿qué querías que hiciera? — (RPl) well, what did you expect me to do?

    b) (expresando sorpresa, desagrado) (well) really!

    bueno! esto era lo único que faltaba — (iró) oh, great! that's all we needed (iro)

    3)
    a) ( introduciendo o reanudando un tema) now then, right then

    bueno, ¿dónde estábamos? — now (then) o right (then), where were we?

    no es un lugar turístico, bueno, no lo era — it isn't a tourist resort, well o at least, it didn't use to be

    * * *
    = fantastic, good [better -comp., best -sup.], neat [neater -comp., neatest -sup.], nice, sound [sounder -comp., soundest -sup.], seemly, decent, creditable, fantastical, good-natured, good-hearted, kind [kinder -comp., kindest -sup.].
    Ex. GODORT has done a fantastic job of dealing with and solving documents problems.
    Ex. A good thesaurus is a list that has been compiled to serve in the retrieval environment in which it is called upon to operate.
    Ex. What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.
    Ex. One time he showed me a photograph in an art book of a woman's bare breasts and said ' Nice tits, uh?'.
    Ex. Thus the scheme has a sound organisational backing.
    Ex. They were the first cloth bindings that were intended to compete with paper boards as seemly but inexpensive covers for ordinary books.
    Ex. At present, the Internet's international expansion is hampered by the lack of a good supporting infrastructure, namely a decent telephone system.
    Ex. Maybe there is not creditable model, but a lot of publishers are trying to be the onw who discovers the best approach.
    Ex. Adorno's distinction between fantastical thought & the commodification of fantasy in the form of literature is addressed.
    Ex. The illustrations were projected on a large screen and the children were able to see that it was a locus amoenus and a reflection of the character of the good-natured host.
    Ex. Relaxing, joking and just being around guys and gals who are good-hearted people was just the ticket we needed.
    Ex. I would like to extend my thanks to our host who was kind enough to invite me.
    ----
    * a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * acabarse la buena racha = the good times + run out.
    * acabarse la (buena) suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.
    * actuar de buena fe = act in + good faith.
    * a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.
    * algo bueno = a good thing.
    * amante de la buena bebida = drink enthusiast.
    * amante de la buena mesa = food enthusiast.
    * apartarse del buen camino = go off + the rails, stray from + the straight and narrow.
    * buen = good [better -comp., best -sup.].
    * buena calidad = goodness.
    * buena causa = good cause.
    * buena comida, la = good food.
    * buena compañía = good company.
    * buena compra = good buy.
    * buena condición física = physical fitness.
    * buena decisión = good judgement.
    * buena disposición = good nature, goodwill [good will], readiness.
    * Posesivo + buena estrella = Posesivo + lucky star.
    * buena fama = well respected, good repute, good reputation.
    * buena fe = goodwill [good will].
    * buena forma física = fitness, physical fitness.
    * buena fortuna = good fortune.
    * buena idea = cool idea.
    * buena influencia = good influence.
    * buen ajuste = good fit.
    * buen amigo = good friend.
    * buena oferta = good deal.
    * buena racha = winning streak.
    * buena relación = rapport.
    * buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.
    * buena reputación = well respected, good repute, good reputation.
    * buena salud = good health.
    * buenas costumbres = propriety, mores, decorum.
    * buenas noticas, las = good word, the.
    * buenas noticias = glad tidings.
    * buenas prácticas = best practices.
    * buena suerte = good luck!, good fortune, good luck.
    * ¡buena suerte! = break a leg!.
    * buena suma de dinero = hefty sum of money.
    * buenas vibraciones = vibrations, good vibes.
    * buena tierra = good soil.
    * buena vecindad = neighbourliness [neighborliness, -USA].
    * buena vida = good life.
    * buena voluntad = goodwill [good will].
    * buen camino, el = straight and narrow (path), the.
    * buen carácter = good humour.
    * buen comedor = hearty eater.
    * buen estado físico = fitness, physical fitness.
    * buen funcionamiento = smooth-running.
    * buen gusto, el = good taste.
    * buen humor = cheerfulness, good humour.
    * buen juicio = good judgement.
    * bueno de la película, el = good guy, the.
    * bueno, el = good guy, the.
    * Buenos Aires = Buenos Aires.
    * buenos días = good morning.
    * buenos, los = goodies, the.
    * buenos propósitos de Año Nuevo = New Year's resolution.
    * buenos tiempos = good times.
    * buen partido = eligible party, eligible bachelor.
    * buen ritmo de aprendizaje = learning curve.
    * buen rollo = good vibes.
    * buen samaritano = good samaritan.
    * buen sitio para pescar = fishing spot.
    * buen tiempo = fair weather.
    * buen tirador = good shot.
    * buen tocho de dinero = hefty sum of money.
    * buen trabajador = hard worker.
    * causar buena impresión = impress, come across.
    * causar una buena primera impresión = make + a good first impression.
    * código de buenas prácticas = code of practice, code of good practice.
    * comenzar Algo con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.
    * comenzar con buen pie = start + Nombre + on the right footing.
    * con buena fama = respected.
    * con buena reputación = respected, reputable.
    * con buenas conexiones = well-connected.
    * con buenas intenciones = in good faith, well-intentioned, well-intended, well-meaning.
    * con buen gusto = tastefully.
    * con buen humor = good-humouredly.
    * con buenos contactos = well-connected.
    * con buenos modales = politely.
    * conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.
    * con tan buenos resultados = to such good effect.
    * contar con el visto bueno = meet with + approval.
    * contar con + Posesivo + visto bueno = meet + Posesivo + approval.
    * continuar con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * con una buena financiación = well-funded.
    * con una buena plantilla = well-staffed.
    * con un buen nivel = fluent.
    * cosecha extraordinariamente buena = bumper crop.
    * crear una buena impresión en = make + a good impression on.
    * dar buen uso a Algo = put to + good use.
    * dar el visto bueno = approve.
    * dar el visto bueno a una factura = clear + invoice.
    * darle un buen repaso a Alguien = take + Nombre + to the cleaners.
    * dar una buena paliza = whitewash, thrash.
    * de buena calidad = good-quality.
    * de buena disposición = good-natured.
    * de buena fama = of good repute.
    * de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.
    * de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.
    * de buena reputación = of good repute.
    * de buenas = on good terms.
    * de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.
    * de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].
    * de buena voluntad = in good faith.
    * de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.
    * de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.
    * de buen gusto = tasteful.
    * de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.
    * de buenos modales = well-mannered.
    * de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].
    * de buen ver = good looking.
    * dejar a la buena de Dios = leave + Nombre + out in the cold.
    * dejar (un) buen sabor de boca = leave + a good taste in + Posesivo + mouth.
    * desempeñar una buena función = produce + the goods.
    * desviarse del buen camino = go off + the rails.
    * difundir buena imagen de = earn + credit for.
    * disfrutar de buena salud = be in good health.
    * echar una buena bronca = give + Nombre + a good roasting.
    * el bueno de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.
    * el cielo rojo al atardecer augura buen tiempo, el cielo rojo al amanecer aug = red sky at night, (shepherd/sailor)'s delight, red sky in the morning, (shepherd/sailor)'s warning.
    * empezar Algo con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.
    * empezar con buen pie = start + Nombre + on the right footing, hit + the ground running.
    * en buena condición = in good condition, in good shape, in good nick.
    * en buena forma = in good nick.
    * en buena parte = for the most part.
    * en buenas condiciones para navegar = seaworthy.
    * en buenas manos = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * en buen estado = in good condition, in good working condition, in good shape, in good nick.
    * en buen estado de funcionamiento = in good working condition.
    * en estado de buena esperanza = pregnant, in the family way.
    * en sus buenos tiempos = in + Posesivo + heyday.
    * entrar con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.
    * estar de buen humor = be high.
    * estar en buenas manos = be in safe hands.
    * estar en estado de buena esperanza = have + a bun in the oven, be up the spout.
    * estar tan bueno que no se puede dejar de comer = moreish.
    * estudiante con buenas notas = high achiever.
    * ganar un buen sueldo = make + good money, earn + good money.
    * hacer buenas migas = hit it off.
    * hacer buen uso de Algo = put to + good use.
    * hacer un buen trabajo = do + a good job.
    * ir por buen camino = be on the right track.
    * ir por el buen camino = be right on track.
    * la buena noticia = the good news.
    * llever a buen término = bring to + a close.
    * lo bueno de = the beauty of.
    * lo bueno es que = the good news is (that)..., on the positive side, on the bright side.
    * lo bueno viene en frascos pequeños = small is beautiful.
    * lo bueno y lo malo = the rights and wrongs.
    * lo que es bueno para uno es bueno para otro = what's good for the goose is good for the gander, what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
    * los buenos tiempos = the good old days.
    * luchar por una buena causa = fight + the good fight.
    * mamá pija y tía buena = yummy mummy.
    * mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.
    * más bueno que un pan = as good as gold.
    * más vale malo conocido que bueno por conocer = better the devil you know (than the devil you don't).
    * no andar en nada bueno = be up to no good, get up to + no good.
    * no apartarse del buen camino = keep on + the right track.
    * no caer en buenas manos = fall into + the wrong hands.
    * no ser lo suficientemente bueno = not be good enough.
    * no ser tan bueno como se dice = not + it's cracked up to be.
    * no tan bueno = not-so-good.
    * no tener noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.
    * no ver buenos ojos = not take + kindly to.
    * obrar de buena fe = act in + good faith.
    * obras son amores y no buenas razones = actions speak louder than words.
    * otro bueno + Nombre = the next best + Nombre.
    * parecer bueno = look + good.
    * Participio Pasado + bastante bueno = decently + Participio Pasado.
    * pasar un buen rato = disport + Reflexivo.
    * poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.
    * por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.
    * por buen camino = a step in the right direction.
    * por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.
    * presentar un buen aspecto = look + good.
    * provisto de buenos fondos = stockholding.
    * que no haya noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.
    * quitarse un (buen) peso de encima = get + a (real) weight off + Posesivo + chest.
    * racha de buena suerte = winning streak.
    * realizar una buena labor = produce + the goods.
    * recibir + Posesivo + visto bueno = meet + Posesivo + approval.
    * saber de buena boca = have + it on good word.
    * saber de buena tinta = have + it on good word.
    * seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.
    * ser algo bueno = be a good thing.
    * ser buenísimo + Gerundio = be terrific at + Gerundio.
    * ser bueno = make + good + Nombre.
    * ser bueno en = be good at.
    * ser bueno para Alguien = be to + Posesivo + advantage.
    * ser muy buena señal = bode + well.
    * ser tan buen momento como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.
    * ser una buena época = be a good time.
    * ser una buena ocasión para + Infinitivo = be a good time to + Infinitivo.
    * ser un buen chico = be a sport.
    * ser un buen comedor = be a hearty eater.
    * ser un momento tan bueno como cualqu = be as good a time as any.
    * si hace buen tiempo = weather permitting.
    * tan bueno como ningún otro = as good as any.
    * tener buena mano con las plantas = have + a green thumb, have + green fingers.
    * tener buen apetito = have + a good appetite.
    * tener buenas intenciones = be well-intentioned, mean + well.
    * tener buenas perspectivas para = be well-placed to.
    * tener buen ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a good judge of character.
    * tener una buena disposición = be well disposed.
    * tener un buen aspecto = look + good.
    * tener un buen concepto de Alguien = hold in + high regard.
    * tener un buen día = have + a good day.
    * tener un buen saque = be a hearty eater.
    * terminarse la (buena) suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.
    * tía buena = hottie [hotty], crumpet.
    * tierra buena = good soil.
    * tío bueno = stud, hunk, hunk of a man, hottie [hotty].
    * tomarse Algo de buen grado = take + Nombre + in good humour.
    * una buena alternativa a = the next best thing to.
    * una buena cantidad de = a fair amount of.
    * una buena cosa = a good thing.
    * una buena forma de empezar = a good way to start.
    * una buena parte de = a large measure of, a good deal of, a great deal of.
    * una buena pesca = a good catch.
    * un buen lugar de partida = a good place to start.
    * un buen número de = a good number of.
    * un buen partido = a good catch.
    * usar Algo con buen provecho = use + Nombre + to good advantage.
    * venir con buenas intenciones = come in + peace.
    * visto bueno = approval, endorsement, seal of approval.
    * * *
    I
    - na adjetivo
    [ buen is used before masculine singular nouns]
    1)
    a) [ser] ( de calidad) <hotel/producto> good
    b) ( valioso) good

    buenos consejos — good o useful advice

    c) (válido, correcto) <razón/excusa> good

    bueno está lo bueno (pero no lo demasiado) — (fam) you can have too much of a good thing

    2)
    a) [ser] ( competente) <médico/alumno> good

    ser bueno para algo: es muy buena para los negocios — she's got a very good head for business

    b) <padre/marido/amigo> good
    c) (eficaz, efectivo) <remedio/método> good

    es bueno para la gripe/los dolores de cabeza — it's good for the flu/headaches

    3) ( favorable) <oferta/suerte> good

    en las buenas — (CS) in the good times

    estar de buenas — ( de buen humor) (fam) to be in a good mood; ( afortunado) (Col fam) to be lucky

    4) [ser] ( conveniente) good
    5) (ingenioso, divertido) <chiste/idea> good, great (colloq)

    lo bueno fue que... — the funny thing was...

    6)
    a) ( agradable) nice

    ser bueno — to be good, be nice; (- de algo en particular)

    estar bueno — to be good, be nice

    c)

    qué bueno! — (AmL) great!

    7) [estar] ( en buen estado)

    ¿este pescado estará bueno? — do you think this fish is all right?

    8) [estar] (fam) ( sexualmente atractivo)
    9) (saludable, sano) <costumbre/alimentación> good

    bueno y sano — (Chi) ( sin novedad) safe and sound; ( sobrio) sober

    10) (en fórmulas, saludos) good

    buenos días! or (RPl) buen día! — good morning

    buenas tardes! — ( temprano) good afternoon; ( más tarde) good evening

    buenas noches! — ( al llegar) good evening; ( al despedirse) good night

    buen provecho! — enjoy your meal, bon appetit

    11)
    a) [ser] ( en sentido ético) good
    b) [ser] < niño> good
    12) (iró & fam)

    estaría bueno que ahora dijera que no! — it'd be just great if he said no now! (iro & colloq)

    de los buenos/de las buenas — (fam)

    14)

    un buen día se va a cansar y... — one day o one of these days she's going to get fed up and...

    un buen día llegó y dijo... — one (fine) day she came home and said...

    •
    II
    - na masculino, femenino
    a) (hum o leng infantil) (en películas, cuentos) goody (colloq)
    b) (bonachón, buenazo)

    el bueno de Juan/la buena de Pilar — good old Juan/Pilar

    III
    1)
    a) (expresando conformidad, asentimiento) OK (colloq), all right

    ¿un café? - bueno — coffee? - OK o all right

    b) (expresando duda, indecisión, escepticismo) well

    bueno... ¿qué quieres que te diga? — well... what can I say?

    bueno, otra vez será — never mind, maybe next time

    2)

    bueno, se acabó a la cama! — right, that's it, bed!

    pero, bueno ¿lo quiere o no? — well, do you want it or not?

    y bueno! ¿qué querías que hiciera? — (RPl) well, what did you expect me to do?

    b) (expresando sorpresa, desagrado) (well) really!

    bueno! esto era lo único que faltaba — (iró) oh, great! that's all we needed (iro)

    3)
    a) ( introduciendo o reanudando un tema) now then, right then

    bueno, ¿dónde estábamos? — now (then) o right (then), where were we?

    no es un lugar turístico, bueno, no lo era — it isn't a tourist resort, well o at least, it didn't use to be

    * * *
    el bueno
    (n.) = good guy, the

    Ex: From the viewpoint of periodical prices, learned society publishers are the ' good guys' and libraries should switch from commercial publishers to learned society publishers in order to reduce costs.

    = fantastic, good [better -comp., best -sup.], neat [neater -comp., neatest -sup.], nice, sound [sounder -comp., soundest -sup.], seemly, decent, creditable, fantastical, good-natured, good-hearted, kind [kinder -comp., kindest -sup.].

    Ex: GODORT has done a fantastic job of dealing with and solving documents problems.

    Ex: A good thesaurus is a list that has been compiled to serve in the retrieval environment in which it is called upon to operate.
    Ex: What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.
    Ex: One time he showed me a photograph in an art book of a woman's bare breasts and said ' Nice tits, uh?'.
    Ex: Thus the scheme has a sound organisational backing.
    Ex: They were the first cloth bindings that were intended to compete with paper boards as seemly but inexpensive covers for ordinary books.
    Ex: At present, the Internet's international expansion is hampered by the lack of a good supporting infrastructure, namely a decent telephone system.
    Ex: Maybe there is not creditable model, but a lot of publishers are trying to be the onw who discovers the best approach.
    Ex: Adorno's distinction between fantastical thought & the commodification of fantasy in the form of literature is addressed.
    Ex: The illustrations were projected on a large screen and the children were able to see that it was a locus amoenus and a reflection of the character of the good-natured host.
    Ex: Relaxing, joking and just being around guys and gals who are good-hearted people was just the ticket we needed.
    Ex: I would like to extend my thanks to our host who was kind enough to invite me.
    * a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * acabarse la buena racha = the good times + run out.
    * acabarse la (buena) suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.
    * actuar de buena fe = act in + good faith.
    * a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.
    * algo bueno = a good thing.
    * amante de la buena bebida = drink enthusiast.
    * amante de la buena mesa = food enthusiast.
    * apartarse del buen camino = go off + the rails, stray from + the straight and narrow.
    * buen = good [better -comp., best -sup.].
    * buena calidad = goodness.
    * buena causa = good cause.
    * buena comida, la = good food.
    * buena compañía = good company.
    * buena compra = good buy.
    * buena condición física = physical fitness.
    * buena decisión = good judgement.
    * buena disposición = good nature, goodwill [good will], readiness.
    * Posesivo + buena estrella = Posesivo + lucky star.
    * buena fama = well respected, good repute, good reputation.
    * buena fe = goodwill [good will].
    * buena forma física = fitness, physical fitness.
    * buena fortuna = good fortune.
    * buena idea = cool idea.
    * buena influencia = good influence.
    * buen ajuste = good fit.
    * buen amigo = good friend.
    * buena oferta = good deal.
    * buena racha = winning streak.
    * buena relación = rapport.
    * buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.
    * buena reputación = well respected, good repute, good reputation.
    * buena salud = good health.
    * buenas costumbres = propriety, mores, decorum.
    * buenas noticas, las = good word, the.
    * buenas noticias = glad tidings.
    * buenas prácticas = best practices.
    * buena suerte = good luck!, good fortune, good luck.
    * ¡buena suerte! = break a leg!.
    * buena suma de dinero = hefty sum of money.
    * buenas vibraciones = vibrations, good vibes.
    * buena tierra = good soil.
    * buena vecindad = neighbourliness [neighborliness, -USA].
    * buena vida = good life.
    * buena voluntad = goodwill [good will].
    * buen camino, el = straight and narrow (path), the.
    * buen carácter = good humour.
    * buen comedor = hearty eater.
    * buen estado físico = fitness, physical fitness.
    * buen funcionamiento = smooth-running.
    * buen gusto, el = good taste.
    * buen humor = cheerfulness, good humour.
    * buen juicio = good judgement.
    * bueno de la película, el = good guy, the.
    * bueno, el = good guy, the.
    * Buenos Aires = Buenos Aires.
    * buenos días = good morning.
    * buenos, los = goodies, the.
    * buenos propósitos de Año Nuevo = New Year's resolution.
    * buenos tiempos = good times.
    * buen partido = eligible party, eligible bachelor.
    * buen ritmo de aprendizaje = learning curve.
    * buen rollo = good vibes.
    * buen samaritano = good samaritan.
    * buen sitio para pescar = fishing spot.
    * buen tiempo = fair weather.
    * buen tirador = good shot.
    * buen tocho de dinero = hefty sum of money.
    * buen trabajador = hard worker.
    * causar buena impresión = impress, come across.
    * causar una buena primera impresión = make + a good first impression.
    * código de buenas prácticas = code of practice, code of good practice.
    * comenzar Algo con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.
    * comenzar con buen pie = start + Nombre + on the right footing.
    * con buena fama = respected.
    * con buena reputación = respected, reputable.
    * con buenas conexiones = well-connected.
    * con buenas intenciones = in good faith, well-intentioned, well-intended, well-meaning.
    * con buen gusto = tastefully.
    * con buen humor = good-humouredly.
    * con buenos contactos = well-connected.
    * con buenos modales = politely.
    * conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.
    * con tan buenos resultados = to such good effect.
    * contar con el visto bueno = meet with + approval.
    * contar con + Posesivo + visto bueno = meet + Posesivo + approval.
    * continuar con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * con una buena financiación = well-funded.
    * con una buena plantilla = well-staffed.
    * con un buen nivel = fluent.
    * cosecha extraordinariamente buena = bumper crop.
    * crear una buena impresión en = make + a good impression on.
    * dar buen uso a Algo = put to + good use.
    * dar el visto bueno = approve.
    * dar el visto bueno a una factura = clear + invoice.
    * darle un buen repaso a Alguien = take + Nombre + to the cleaners.
    * dar una buena paliza = whitewash, thrash.
    * de buena calidad = good-quality.
    * de buena disposición = good-natured.
    * de buena fama = of good repute.
    * de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.
    * de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.
    * de buena reputación = of good repute.
    * de buenas = on good terms.
    * de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.
    * de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].
    * de buena voluntad = in good faith.
    * de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.
    * de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.
    * de buen gusto = tasteful.
    * de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.
    * de buenos modales = well-mannered.
    * de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].
    * de buen ver = good looking.
    * dejar a la buena de Dios = leave + Nombre + out in the cold.
    * dejar (un) buen sabor de boca = leave + a good taste in + Posesivo + mouth.
    * desempeñar una buena función = produce + the goods.
    * desviarse del buen camino = go off + the rails.
    * difundir buena imagen de = earn + credit for.
    * disfrutar de buena salud = be in good health.
    * echar una buena bronca = give + Nombre + a good roasting.
    * el bueno de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.
    * el cielo rojo al atardecer augura buen tiempo, el cielo rojo al amanecer aug = red sky at night, (shepherd/sailor)'s delight, red sky in the morning, (shepherd/sailor)'s warning.
    * empezar Algo con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.
    * empezar con buen pie = start + Nombre + on the right footing, hit + the ground running.
    * en buena condición = in good condition, in good shape, in good nick.
    * en buena forma = in good nick.
    * en buena parte = for the most part.
    * en buenas condiciones para navegar = seaworthy.
    * en buenas manos = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * en buen estado = in good condition, in good working condition, in good shape, in good nick.
    * en buen estado de funcionamiento = in good working condition.
    * en estado de buena esperanza = pregnant, in the family way.
    * en sus buenos tiempos = in + Posesivo + heyday.
    * entrar con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.
    * estar de buen humor = be high.
    * estar en buenas manos = be in safe hands.
    * estar en estado de buena esperanza = have + a bun in the oven, be up the spout.
    * estar tan bueno que no se puede dejar de comer = moreish.
    * estudiante con buenas notas = high achiever.
    * ganar un buen sueldo = make + good money, earn + good money.
    * hacer buenas migas = hit it off.
    * hacer buen uso de Algo = put to + good use.
    * hacer un buen trabajo = do + a good job.
    * ir por buen camino = be on the right track.
    * ir por el buen camino = be right on track.
    * la buena noticia = the good news.
    * llever a buen término = bring to + a close.
    * lo bueno de = the beauty of.
    * lo bueno es que = the good news is (that)..., on the positive side, on the bright side.
    * lo bueno viene en frascos pequeños = small is beautiful.
    * lo bueno y lo malo = the rights and wrongs.
    * lo que es bueno para uno es bueno para otro = what's good for the goose is good for the gander, what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
    * los buenos tiempos = the good old days.
    * luchar por una buena causa = fight + the good fight.
    * mamá pija y tía buena = yummy mummy.
    * mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.
    * mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.
    * más bueno que un pan = as good as gold.
    * más vale malo conocido que bueno por conocer = better the devil you know (than the devil you don't).
    * no andar en nada bueno = be up to no good, get up to + no good.
    * no apartarse del buen camino = keep on + the right track.
    * no caer en buenas manos = fall into + the wrong hands.
    * no ser lo suficientemente bueno = not be good enough.
    * no ser tan bueno como se dice = not + it's cracked up to be.
    * no tan bueno = not-so-good.
    * no tener noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.
    * no ver buenos ojos = not take + kindly to.
    * obrar de buena fe = act in + good faith.
    * obras son amores y no buenas razones = actions speak louder than words.
    * otro bueno + Nombre = the next best + Nombre.
    * parecer bueno = look + good.
    * Participio Pasado + bastante bueno = decently + Participio Pasado.
    * pasar un buen rato = disport + Reflexivo.
    * poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.
    * por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.
    * por buen camino = a step in the right direction.
    * por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.
    * presentar un buen aspecto = look + good.
    * provisto de buenos fondos = stockholding.
    * que no haya noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.
    * quitarse un (buen) peso de encima = get + a (real) weight off + Posesivo + chest.
    * racha de buena suerte = winning streak.
    * realizar una buena labor = produce + the goods.
    * recibir + Posesivo + visto bueno = meet + Posesivo + approval.
    * saber de buena boca = have + it on good word.
    * saber de buena tinta = have + it on good word.
    * seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.
    * seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.
    * seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.
    * ser algo bueno = be a good thing.
    * ser buenísimo + Gerundio = be terrific at + Gerundio.
    * ser bueno = make + good + Nombre.
    * ser bueno en = be good at.
    * ser bueno para Alguien = be to + Posesivo + advantage.
    * ser muy buena señal = bode + well.
    * ser tan buen momento como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.
    * ser una buena época = be a good time.
    * ser una buena ocasión para + Infinitivo = be a good time to + Infinitivo.
    * ser un buen chico = be a sport.
    * ser un buen comedor = be a hearty eater.
    * ser un momento tan bueno como cualqu = be as good a time as any.
    * si hace buen tiempo = weather permitting.
    * tan bueno como ningún otro = as good as any.
    * tener buena mano con las plantas = have + a green thumb, have + green fingers.
    * tener buen apetito = have + a good appetite.
    * tener buenas intenciones = be well-intentioned, mean + well.
    * tener buenas perspectivas para = be well-placed to.
    * tener buen ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a good judge of character.
    * tener una buena disposición = be well disposed.
    * tener un buen aspecto = look + good.
    * tener un buen concepto de Alguien = hold in + high regard.
    * tener un buen día = have + a good day.
    * tener un buen saque = be a hearty eater.
    * terminarse la (buena) suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.
    * tía buena = hottie [hotty], crumpet.
    * tierra buena = good soil.
    * tío bueno = stud, hunk, hunk of a man, hottie [hotty].
    * tomarse Algo de buen grado = take + Nombre + in good humour.
    * una buena alternativa a = the next best thing to.
    * una buena cantidad de = a fair amount of.
    * una buena cosa = a good thing.
    * una buena forma de empezar = a good way to start.
    * una buena parte de = a large measure of, a good deal of, a great deal of.
    * una buena pesca = a good catch.
    * un buen lugar de partida = a good place to start.
    * un buen número de = a good number of.
    * un buen partido = a good catch.
    * usar Algo con buen provecho = use + Nombre + to good advantage.
    * venir con buenas intenciones = come in + peace.
    * visto bueno = approval, endorsement, seal of approval.

    * * *
    bueno1 -na
    [ The form buen is used before masculine singular nouns. buen]
    A
    1 [ SER] (de calidad) ‹hotel/producto› good
    tiene buena memoria she has a good memory
    siempre lleva ropa buena he always wears good-quality clothes
    hizo un buen trabajo she did a good job
    ¿es bueno o de bisutería? is it real or imitation?
    lo bueno si breve dos veces bueno brevity is the soul of wit
    2 (valioso) good
    ¡qué buena idea! what a good idea!
    me dio muy buenos consejos she gave me (some) very good o useful advice
    3 (válido, correcto) ‹razón/excusa› good
    ¿tienes buena hora or hora buena? do you have the right o correct time?
    la bola fue buena the ball was in
    bueno está lo bueno (pero no lo demasiado) ( fam); you can have too much of a good thing
    B
    1 [ SER] (competente) ‹médico/alumno› good
    como secretaria es muy buena she's a very good secretary
    es muy buena en francés she's very good at French
    2 ‹padre/marido/amigo› good
    3 (eficaz, efectivo) ‹remedio/método› good ser bueno PARA algo to be good for sth
    es bueno para el hígado it's good for the liver
    C (favorable) ‹oferta/suerte› good
    traigo buenas noticias I have good news (for you)
    la novela tuvo muy buena crítica the novel got very good reviews o was very well reviewed
    están en buena posición económica they're comfortably off
    en las buenas (CS); in the good times
    estar de buenas (de buen humor) ( fam) to be in a good mood; (afortunado) ( Col fam) to be lucky
    estar en la buena (CS); to be having a lucky streak, be on a run of good luck
    hoy no estoy en la buena it's not my lucky day
    por las buenas: si no lo hace por las buenas … if he won't do it willingly …
    intenta convencerlo por las buenas try persuading him nicely
    D [ SER] (conveniente) good
    no es buena hora para llamar it's not a good time to phone
    sería bueno que hablaras con él it would be a good idea o thing if you spoke to him
    no es bueno comer tanto it isn't good for you to eat so much
    E (ingenioso, divertido) ‹chiste/idea› good, great ( colloq)
    lo bueno fue que ella tampoco tenía ni idea the funny thing was she didn't have a clue either
    F
    ¡qué buena pinta tiene esa ensalada! that salad looks delicious o really good
    hace muy buen tiempo the weather's lovely o very nice
    hace bueno ( Esp); it's a nice day
    2 (agradable al paladar — en general) ser bueno; to be delicious, be nice (— de algo en particular) estar bueno; to be good, be delicious, be nice
    el guacamole es buenísimo guacamole is delicious o really nice
    ¡qué buena está la carne/esta pera! the meat/this pear is delicious
    la paella no te quedó or salió tan buena como la última vez the paella didn't turn out as well as last time
    3
    ¡qué bueno! ( AmL); great!
    ¡qué bueno que se te ocurrió traerlo! it's a good thing you thought of bringing it
    G [ ESTAR]
    (en buen estado): esta leche no está buena this milk is off o has gone off
    estos zapatos todavía están buenos these shoes are still OK o still have some wear in them
    ¿este pescado estará bueno? do you think this fish is all right?
    H [ ESTAR] ( fam)
    (sexualmente atractivo): está muy buena she's quite a looker (sl), she's gorgeous ( colloq), she's a bit of all right ( BrE sl)
    está buenísimo he's really gorgeous o dishy o hunky ( colloq), he's a real looker (sl), he's a bit of all right ( BrE sl)
    I
    (saludable, sano): tiene muy buen semblante she looks very well
    háblale por el oído bueno speak to him in his good ear
    aún no está bueno del todo ( Esp); he still hasn't recovered completely o isn't completely better
    bueno y sano ( Chi) (sin novedad) safe and sound; (sobrio) sober
    J (en fórmulas, saludos) good
    ¡buenos días! or ( RPl) ¡buen día! good morning
    ¡buenas tardes! (temprano) good afternoon; (más tarde) good evening
    ¡buenas noches! (al llegar) good evening; (al despedirse) good night
    dale las buenas noches a la abuela say good night to Grandma
    ¡buenas! ¿qué tal? ( fam); hi! o hullo! how are things? ( colloq)
    ¡buen viaje! have a good journey!
    ¡buen provecho! enjoy your meal, bon appetit
    de buenas a primeras (de repente) suddenly, all of a sudden, without warning
    no lo puedo decidir así, de buenas a primeras I can't make up my mind just like that
    A [ SER] (en sentido ético) ‹persona› good; ‹conducta/obra/acción› good
    fueron muy buenos conmigo they were very good to me
    un buen hombre a good man
    dígame, buen hombre … tell me, my good man …
    B [ SER] ‹niño› good
    sé buenito y no hagas ruido be a good little boy and don't make any noise
    A ( iró fam):
    ¡estás tú buena si crees que te va a ayudar! you must be crazy if you think he's going to help you
    ¡estaría bueno que ahora dijera que no! it'd be just great if he said no now! ( iro colloq)
    ¡en buena nos hemos metido! this is a fine mess we've got(ten) ourselves into
    darle una buena a algn ( fam); to give sb a good hiding ( colloq)
    de los buenos/de las buenas ( fam): nos echó un sermón de los buenos she gave us a real dressing-down ( colloq)
    (uso enfático): se llevó un buen susto she got a terrible fright
    lo que necesita es una buena paliza what he needs is a good thrashing
    se metió en un buen lío he got himself into a fine mess
    todavía nos falta un buen trecho we still have a fair way to go
    una buena cantidad a lot, a fair amount
    C
    un buen día one day
    un buen día se va a cansar y … one day o one of these days she's going to get fed up and …
    un buen día llegó y dijo … one (fine) day she came home and said …
    Compuestos:
    feminine physical fitness
    está en muy buenoa forma she's very fit, she's in very good shape
    la buenoa mesa good cooking
    es un amante de la buenoa mesa he's a lover of good food o cooking
    la Buenoa Nueva the Good News
    ¡buenoa pieza resultó ser Ernesto! a fine one o a right one Ernesto turned out to be! ( colloq)
    la buenoa vida the good life
    masculine good name
    el Buen Pastor the good Shepherd
    bueno2 -na
    masculine, feminine
    1 ( hum o leng infantil) (en películas, cuentos) goody ( colloq)
    los buenos y los malos the goodies and the baddies ( colloq hum), the good guys and the bad guys ( colloq)
    2
    (bonachón, buenazo): el bueno de Juan/la buena de Pilar good old Juan/Pilar
    A
    1 (expresando conformidad, asentimiento) OK ( colloq), all right
    ¿un café? — bueno coffee? — OK o all right
    2 (expresando duda, indecisión) well
    3
    (expresando resignación): bueno, otra vez será never mind, maybe next time
    5 (intentando calmar a algn) okay, all right
    bueno, bueno, tranquilízate okay, okay, calm down o all right, calm down
    B
    1
    (expresando irritación): bueno, se acabó, ¡a la cama! right, that's it, bed!
    ¡bueno, ya está bien! ¡os calláis los dos! right, that's enough, be quiet the pair of you!
    pero, bueno, ¿lo quiere o no lo quiere? well, do you want it or not?
    ¡y bueno! ¿qué querías que hiciera? ( RPl); well, what did you expect me to do?
    2 (expresando sorpresa, desagrado) (well) really!
    ¡bueno!, ¿qué manera de hablar es ésa? really! that's no way to talk!
    ¡bueno! esto era lo único que faltaba ( iró); oh, great! that's all we needed ( iro)
    C
    bueno, ¿dónde estábamos? now (then) o right (then), where were we?
    2
    (calificando lo expresado): no es un lugar turístico, bueno, no lo era it isn't a tourist resort, well o at least o at any rate, it didn't use to be
    era amarillo, bueno, más bien naranja it was yellow; well, actually it was more like orange
    D
    * * *

     

    bueno 1
    ◊ -na adjetivo buen is used before masculine singular nouns

    1 [ser]
    a) ‹hotel/producto/trabajo› good;


    la buena mesa good cooking
    b) ‹remedio/método› good;

    ◊ es bueno para la gripe/los dolores de cabeza it's good for the flu/headaches

    c) ‹médico/alumno› good;

    ◊ un buen padre/amigo he's a good father/friend;

    es muy buena en francés she's very good at French;
    es buena para los negocios she's got a good head for business
    d) (amable, bondadoso) good, kind;

    ◊ fueron muy buenos conmigo they were very good o kind to me

    e) (conveniente, correcto) good;


    no es bueno comer tanto it isn't good to eat so much;
    es bueno para la salud it's good for your health;
    su inglés es bueno her English is good
    2


    b) ‹ comida› ( en general)



    ( en particular)

    el guacamole es buenísimo guacamole is really good;
    esta sopa está muy buena this soup is very good
    c) ( favorable) ‹oferta/crítica› good;


    3 [estar]
    a) ( en buen estado) ‹leche/pescado› fresh;

    ◊ esta leche no está buena this milk is off o sour



    4 (saludable, sano) ‹costumbre/alimentación› good;

    5
    a) (en fórmulas, saludos) good;

    ◊ ¡buenos días! good morning;

    ¡buenas tardes! ( temprano) good afternoon;

    ( más tarde) good evening;
    ◊ ¡buenas noches! ( al llegar) good evening;


    ( al despedirse) good night;
    ◊ ¡buen viaje! have a good trip!;

    ¡buen provecho! enjoy your meal


    un buen día one day
    c)

    ◊ ¡qué bueno! (AmL) great

    d)


    por las buenas willingly
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
    a) (hum o leng infantil) (en películas, cuentos) goody (colloq);


    b) (bonachón, buenazo):

    ◊ el bueno de Juan/la buena de Pilar good old Juan/Pilar

    bueno 2 interjección
    1
    a) ( expresando — duda) well;

    (— conformidad) OK (colloq), all right;
    ◊ ¿un café? — bueno coffee? — OK o all right


    ◊ bueno, otra vez será never mind, maybe next time


    ◊ bueno, se acabó ¡a la cama! right, that's it, bed!;

    ¡y bueno! ¿qué querías que hiciera? (RPl) well, what did you expect me to do?
    2 (Méx) ( al contestar el teléfono)
    ◊ ¡bueno! hello

    bueno,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 good
    un café muy bueno, a very good coffee
    2 (bondadoso, bonachón) good, kind: es muy buena persona, she's a very kind soul
    3 (saludable) well, in good health: el niño se pondrá bueno en unos días, the child will be well again in a few days
    4 Meteor (apacible) good
    hoy hace muy buena noche, it's a lovely night tonight
    5 (rico, sabroso) good, nice: la cena estaba muy buena, the dinner was delicious
    6 (conveniente, provechoso) good: no es bueno que leas con esa luz, it's not good for you to read in this light
    sería bueno que nos reuniéramos los lunes, it would be a good idea if we met on Mondays
    7 (grande) considerable: un buen montón de dinero, a considerable amount of money
    8 fam (macizo) gorgeous, sexy: Javier está muy bueno, Javier's gorgeous
    9 irón fine, real: armó un buen jaleo, he kicked up quite a fuss
    ¡en buen lío nos hemos metido!, that's a fine mess we've got ourselves into!
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino (cándido, buenazo) el bueno de Pedro, good old Pedro
    III exclamación ¡bueno!, (vale) all right, OK
    (sorpresa) ¡bueno!, no me digas que te vas a casar, well!, don't tell me you're getting married!
    ♦ Locuciones: ¡buena la hemos hecho!, that's done it!
    ¡buenas!, hello!
    dar algo por bueno, to approve sthg
    estar de buenas, to be in a good mood
    ¡estaría bueno!, I should jolly well hope not!
    librarse de una buena, to get off scot free
    de buenas a primeras, suddenly, all at once
    por las buenas, willingly
    ' bueno' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    admitir
    - buen
    - buena
    - campeonato
    - canela
    - en
    - enrollada
    - enrollado
    - estar
    - estival
    - excedente
    - fantástica
    - fantástico
    - formidable
    - infravalorar
    - infravalorarse
    - inmejorable
    - magistral
    - más
    - mejor
    - pan
    - redundar
    - saber
    - saludable
    - vista
    - visto
    - antología
    - cara
    - conmigo
    - decir
    - igualmente
    - ir
    - malo
    - rollo
    - ser
    - súper
    - y
    English:
    anyhow
    - approval
    - as
    - assent
    - beauty
    - bright
    - brilliant
    - censor
    - clear
    - conducive
    - connotation
    - crush
    - decent
    - devil
    - endorse
    - endorsement
    - fair
    - fine
    - good
    - hot
    - hunk
    - indifferent
    - nearly
    - nice
    - OK
    - okay
    - quite
    - reasonable
    - right
    - satisfying
    - seal
    - short
    - so
    - something
    - such
    - sweet
    - thick
    - tick
    - to
    - upside
    - well
    - wind
    - worthy
    - allow
    - all right
    - anyway
    - be
    - better
    - bill
    - charitable
    * * *
    bueno, -a buen is used instead of bueno before masculine singular nouns (e.g. buen hombre good man). The comparative form of bueno is mejor (better), and the superlative form is el mejor (masculine) or la mejor (feminine) (the best).
    ♦ adj
    1. [en general] good;
    tu hijo es muy buen estudiante your son's a very good student;
    hacer ejercicio es bueno para la salud exercise is good for your health;
    la cena estaba muy buena the meal was very good;
    una buena oportunidad a good opportunity;
    los buenos tiempos the good times;
    ¿tienes hora buena? do you have the right time?;
    el juez de silla señaló que la bola fue/no fue buena the umpire said the ball was good/called the ball out;
    golpeó la pelota con la pierna buena he struck the ball with his stronger foot;
    tener buena acogida to be well received;
    tener buen aspecto [persona] to look well;
    [cosa] to look good;
    ir por buen camino to be on the right track;
    tener buen concepto de to think highly of;
    creo que éste no es un buen momento para decírselo I don't think this is a good time to tell her;
    lo bueno si breve dos veces bueno you can have too much of a good thing
    el buen salvaje the noble savage;
    el buen samaritano the Good Samaritan
    2. [bondadoso, amable] kind, good;
    ser bueno con alguien to be good to sb;
    ¡sé bueno! be good!
    3. [curado, sano] well, all right;
    ya estoy bueno I'm all right now;
    todavía no estoy bueno del todo I'm not completely better o recovered yet;
    ponerse bueno to get well
    4. [apacible] nice, fine;
    buen tiempo good o fine weather;
    hizo buen tiempo the weather was good;
    Esp
    ¿hace bueno ahí fuera? is it nice out?
    5. [aprovechable] all right;
    [comida] fresh;
    esta lecha no está buena this milk is bad o off
    6. [uso enfático]
    ese buen hombre that good man;
    una buena cantidad de comida a good o considerable amount of food;
    tiene una buena cantidad de libros she has a large amount of books, she has quite a few books;
    un buen susto a real fright;
    un buen lío a real o fine mess;
    un buen día se va a llevar un disgusto one of these days she's going to get a nasty shock;
    le cayó una buena reprimenda he got a stern ticking-off;
    le pegó un puñetazo de los buenos he punched her really hard, he gave her an almighty punch
    7. Fam [atractivo]
    estar bueno to be gorgeous o Br a bit of all right o Br tasty;
    ¡qué bueno está tu vecino! your neighbour's gorgeous o a real hunk!
    8. Irónico [muy malo] fine;
    ¡bueno es lo bueno! enough's enough!;
    ¡bueno está! that's enough!;
    ¡buen amigo te has echado! some friend he is!;
    ¡buen granuja estás hecho! you rascal!, you're a real rascal!;
    ¡buena la has armado o [m5] hecho! you've really gone and done it now!;
    librarse de una buena to have a lucky o narrow escape;
    de buena te libraste you had a lucky o narrow escape;
    ¡si te pillo no te librarás de una buena! if I catch you, you'll be in for it!;
    estaría bueno that would really cap it all;
    si te crees que va a aceptar, estás bueno you're kidding yourself if you think she's going to accept;
    estamos buenos como tengamos que esperarle if we have to wait for him we've had it;
    te has metido en una buena this is a fine mess you've got o US gotten yourself into!;
    poner bueno a alguien to criticize sb harshly
    9. [en saludos]
    ¡buenas! hello!;
    ¡buenas!, ¿qué tal? hi o hello, how are you?;
    ¡buenos días!, RP [m5]¡buen día! good morning!;
    ¡buenas tardes! [hasta las cinco] good afternoon!;
    [después de las cinco] good evening!;
    ¡buenas noches! good night!;
    no me dio ni los buenos días she didn't even say good morning to me
    10. [en frases]
    ¡buen provecho! enjoy your meal!;
    ¡buen viaje! have a good trip!;
    de buen ver good-looking, attractive;
    de buena gana willingly;
    ¡me comería un bocadillo de buena gana! I'd really like o Br I really fancy a sandwich!;
    lo hizo, y de buena gana he did it willingly;
    lo haría de buena gana, pero estoy ocupado I'd be pleased o more than happy to do it, but I'm busy;
    dar algo por bueno to approve sth;
    Am Fam
    estar en la buena to be on a roll;
    lo bueno es que… the best thing about it is that…;
    prueba este pastel y verás lo que es bueno try this cake, it's excellent;
    Irónico
    como no me lo des, verás lo que es bueno if you don't give it to me, you'll be in for it
    ♦ nm,f
    1. Cine
    el bueno the goody;
    los buenos siempre ganan the good guys always win
    2. [bonachón]
    el bueno de tu hermano your good old brother
    ♦ adv
    1. [vale, de acuerdo] all right, O.K.;
    ¿te acompaño hasta la esquina? – bueno would you like me to walk up to the corner with you? – O.K.;
    le pregunté si quería ayuda y me dijo que bueno I asked her if she needed any help and she said all right;
    ¿quieres venir con nosotros? – bueno do you want to come with us? – if you like o sure;
    bueno, yo ya me voy right, I'm off now;
    ¡te has equivocado! – bueno ¿y qué? you were wrong – yeah, so what?
    2. [pues] well;
    bueno, el caso es que… well, the thing is…
    3. Am [bien]
    ¡qué bueno! (that's) great!;
    ¡qué bueno que vinieron! I'm so glad that you could come!
    ♦ interj
    1. [expresa sorpresa]
    ¡bueno!, ¡qué alegría verte por aquí! hey, how nice to see you!;
    ¡bueno, mira quien está aquí! well, look who's here!
    2. [expresa irritación]
    ¡bueno!, ¡lo que faltaba! great, that's just what we needed!
    3. Col, Méx [al teléfono] hello
    ♦ buenas nfpl
    estar de buenas [bien dispuesto] to be in a good mood;
    de buenas a primeras [de repente] all of a sudden;
    [a simple vista] at first sight, on the face of it;
    así, de buenas a primeras, no sé qué decir I'm not sure I know what to say without thinking about it first;
    por las buenas willingly;
    intentamos persuadirlo por las buenas we tried to convince him the nice way;
    lo hará por las buenas o por las malas she'll do it whether she likes it or not;
    ¿quieres hacerlo por las buenas o por las malas? do you want to do it the easy or the hard way?
    * * *
    I adj
    1 good;
    buena voluntad goodwill;
    lo bueno es que … the best thing about it is that …;
    estar de buenas be in a good mood;
    ponerse bueno get well;
    dar algo por bueno approve sth;
    ahora viene lo bueno irón here comes the good bit;
    ¡ésta sí que es buena! irón fam that’s a good one!;
    ¡estaría bueno! irón fam oh, terrific!;
    lo bueno, si breve, dos veces bueno brevity is the soul of wit
    2 ( bondadoso) kind;
    3 ( sabroso) nice
    4
    :
    por las buenas willingly;
    por las buenas o por las malas whether we/they/etc like it or not;
    de buenas a primeras without warning;
    a la buena de Dios any which way, Br any old how
    II int
    :
    ¡bueno! well!;
    ¿bueno? Méx hello;
    ¡buenas! hello!;
    bueno día good morning;
    buenas noches good evening;
    buenas tardes good evening
    * * *
    1) : good
    una buena idea: a good idea
    2) bondadoso: nice, kind
    3) apropiado: proper, appropriate
    4) sano: well, healthy
    5) : considerable, goodly
    una buena cantidad: a lot
    6)
    buenos días : hello, good day
    7)
    buenas tardes : good afternoon
    8)
    buenas noches : good evening, good night
    bueno interj
    1) : OK!, all right!
    2) Mex : hello! (on the telephone)
    * * *
    bueno1 adj
    1. (en general) good [comp. better; superl. best]
    2. (agradable) nice
    ¡estas fresas están buenas! these strawberries are nice!
    3. (atractivo) gorgeous / good looking
    4. (sano) better
    cuando te pongas bueno, podrás salir a la calle you'll be able to go out when you get better
    5. (uso intensivo) big [comp. bigger; superl. biggest] / huge
    bueno2 adv (de acuerdo) OK / all right

    Spanish-English dictionary > bueno

  • 3 AT

    I) prep.
    A. with dative.
    I. Of motion;
    1) towards, against;
    Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
    hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
    Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
    þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
    3) to, at;
    koma at landi, to come to land;
    ganga at dómi, to go into court;
    4) along (= eptir);
    ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
    dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
    refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
    5) denoting hostility;
    renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
    gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
    6) around;
    vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
    bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
    7) denoting business, engagement;
    ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
    fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
    II. Of position, &c.;
    1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
    at kirkju, at church;
    at dómi, in court;
    at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;
    2) denoting participation in;
    vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
    3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;
    kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;
    var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;
    4) with proper names of places (farms);
    konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;
    biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;
    at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;
    5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;
    at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;
    at Marðar, at Mara’s home;
    at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;
    at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).
    III. Of time;
    1) at, in;
    at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;
    at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;
    at páskum, at Easter;
    at kveldi, at eventide;
    at fjöru, at the ebb;
    at flœðum, at the floodtide;
    2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;
    at ári komanda, next year;
    at vári, er kemr, next spring;
    generally with ‘komanda’ understood;
    at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;
    3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;
    at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;
    at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;
    at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;
    at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;
    at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;
    at honum önduðum, after his death;
    4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;
    hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;
    skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;
    at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.
    IV. fig. and in various uses;
    1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;
    brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;
    verða at ormi, to become a snake;
    2) for, as;
    gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;
    eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;
    3) by;
    taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;
    draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;
    kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;
    auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;
    vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;
    5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;
    ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;
    6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;
    faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);
    aðili at sök = aðili sakar;
    7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;
    hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;
    mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;
    tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;
    kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;
    8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;
    Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);
    þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;
    hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;
    9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);
    at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;
    at landslögum, by the law of the land;
    at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;
    10) in adverbial phrases;
    gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;
    bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;
    at fullu, fully;
    at vísu, surely;
    at frjálsu, freely;
    at eilífu, for ever and ever;
    at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;
    at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;
    at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.
    B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);
    sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;
    at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;
    connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;
    at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
    1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;
    at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;
    2) in an objective sense;
    hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;
    gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;
    3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).
    1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;
    hón grét at meir, she wept the more;
    þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;
    þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;
    2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);
    þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;
    sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.
    conj., that;
    1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;
    þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;
    vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;
    2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;
    svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;
    3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);
    4) since, because, as (= því at);
    5) connected with þó, því, svá;
    þó at (with subj.), though, although;
    því at, because, for;
    svá at, so that;
    6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;
    þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;
    þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;
    áðr at (= á. en), before;
    7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;
    Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;
    in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.
    V)
    negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.
    odda at, Yggs at, battle.
    * * *
    1.
    and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.
    Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.
    WITH DAT.
    A. LOC.
    I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:
    1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.
    2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.
    3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)
    4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.
    5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.
    β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.
    6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.
    β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.
    γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.
    7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.
    β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.
    8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.
    β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.
    II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.
    2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.
    3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:
    α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.
    β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.
    γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.
    4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.
    5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.
    6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.
    β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.
    γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.
    7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.
    B. TEMP.
    I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.
    II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.
    β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.
    III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:
    1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,
    2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.
    IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:
    1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.
    2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.
    3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.
    V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.
    2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.
    C. METAPH. and in various cases:
    I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:
    α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.
    β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.
    II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.
    2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.
    III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.
    IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.
    2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)
    3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.
    4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.
    5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.
    6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.
    β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.
    V. denoting the source of a thing:
    1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.
    2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.
    VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.
    VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.
    VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.
    β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.
    IX. following many words:
    1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.
    β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …
    γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.
    δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.
    2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.
    3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.
    WITH ACC.
    TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.
    ☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.
    2.
    and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.
    I. it is used either,
    1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,
    2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.
    β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).
    3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.
    II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:
    α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.
    β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.
    γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.
    δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.
    ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.
    ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.
    η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.
    θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.
    3.
    and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.
    I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.
    II. it is used,
    1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.
    2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.
    β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.
    γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.
    III. used in connection with conjunctions,
    1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.
    α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.
    β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.
    γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.
    2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.
    IV. as a relat. conj.:
    1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.
    2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.
    V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.
    4.
    and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.
    5.
    n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.
    β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.
    6.
    the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

  • 4 mucho

    adj.
    a lot of, too much, much, plenty of.
    adv.
    1 a lot, much, very much, a great deal.
    2 very often, too often.
    m.
    a great deal, quite much, much, a lot.
    * * *
    1 (singular - en afirmativas) a lot of; (- en negativas, interrogativas) a lot of, much
    ■ no tiene mucho dinero he hasn't got a lot of/much money
    ■ ¿nos queda mucha gasolina? have we got a lot of/much petrol left?
    2 (plural - en afirmativas) a lot of, lots of; (- en negativas, interrogativas) a lot of, many
    ■ no hay muchas copas there aren't a lot of/many glasses
    ■ ¿tienes muchos libros? have you got a lot of/many books?
    ■ hace mucho calor/frío it's very hot/cold
    ■ tengo mucha hambre/sed I'm very hungry/thirsty
    3 (demasiado - singular) too much; (- plural) too many
    1 (singular) a lot, much; (plural) a lot, many
    1 (de cantidad) a lot, much
    ■ mucho mejor/peor much better/worse
    ■ ¿te ha gustado la película? --sí, mucho did you like the film? --yes, very much
    ■ ¿estaba buena la comida? --sí, mucho was the food good? --yes, very good
    ■ mucho antes/después much earlier/later
    \
    como mucho at the most
    con mucho by far
    muy mucho familiar very much so
    ni con mucho nowhere near as
    ni mucho menos far from
    por mucho que however much
    * * *
    1. (f. - mucha)
    adj.
    many, much, a lot of, plenty of
    2. adv.
    much, a lot
    - con mucho
    - mucho tiempo     3. (f. - mucha)
    pron.
    many, much, a lot
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [en singular] [en oraciones afirmativas] a lot of, lots of; [en oraciones interrogativas y negativas] a lot of, much

    tengo mucho dinero — I have a lot of o lots of money

    había mucha gente — there were a lot of o lots of people there

    ¿tienes mucho trabajo? — do you have a lot of o much work?

    2) [en plural] [en oraciones afirmativas] a lot of, lots of; [en oraciones interrogativas y negativas] a lot of, many

    muchas personas creen que no — a lot of o lots of people don't think so

    ¿había muchos niños en el parque? — were there a lot of o many children in the park?

    3) * [con singular colectivo]

    había mucho borracho — there were a lot of o lots of drunks there

    hay mucho tonto suelto — there are a lot of o lots of idiots around

    mucho beso, pero luego me critica por la espalda — she's all kisses, but then she criticizes me behind my back

    4) (=demasiado)

    es mucha mujer para ti — * that woman is too much for you

    esta es mucha casa para nosotros — * this house is too big for us

    2. PRON
    1) [en singular]
    a) [en frases afirmativas] a lot, lots; [en frases interrogativas y negativas] a lot, much

    ¿has aprendido mucho en este trabajo? — have you learnt a lot o much from this job?

    -¿cuánto vino queda? -mucho — "how much wine is left?" - "a lot" o "lots"

    b) [referido a tiempo] long

    ¿te vas a quedar mucho? — are you staying long?

    ¿falta mucho para llegar? — will it be long till we arrive?

    -¿cuánto nos queda para acabar? -mucho — "how long till we finish?" - "ages"

    hace mucho que no salgo a bailar — it's a long time o ages since I went out dancing

    2) [en plural] [en frases afirmativas] a lot, lots; [en frases interrogativas y negativas] a lot, many

    son muchos los que no quieren — there are a lot o lots who don't want to

    muchos dicen que... — a lot of o lots of o many people say that...

    muchos de los ausentes — many of o a lot of those absent

    -¿hay manzanas? -sí, pero no muchas — "are there any apples?" - "yes, but not many o not a lot"

    ¿vinieron muchos? — did many o a lot of people come?

    -¿cuántos había? -muchos — "how many were there?" - "a lot" o "lots"

    3. ADV
    1) (=en gran cantidad) a lot

    me gusta mucho el jazz — I really like jazz, I like jazz a lot

    sí señor, me gusta y mucho — I do indeed like it and I like it a lot

    - son 75 euros -es mucho — "that will be 75 euros" - "that's a lot"

    lo siento mucho — I'm very o really sorry

    ¡mucho lo sientes tú! — * a fat lot you care! *

    • mucho antes — long before

    • mucho más — much o a lot more

    • mucho menos — much o a lot less

    • muy mucho, se guardará muy mucho de hacerlo — * he'll jolly well be careful not to do it *

    • si no es mucho pedir — if that's not asking too much

    • pensárselo mucho, se lo pensó mucho antes de contestar — he thought long and hard about it before replying

    • mucho peor — much o a lot worse

    2) [en respuestas]

    -¿estás cansado? -¡mucho! — "are you tired?" - "I certainly am!"

    -¿te gusta? -no mucho — "do you like it?" - "not really"

    3) [otras locuciones]

    • como mucho — at (the) most

    • con mucho — by far, far and away

    fue, con mucho, el mejor — he was by far the best, he was far and away the best

    no se puede comparar, ni con mucho, a ninguna de nuestras ideas — it bears no comparison at all o you can't begin to compare it with any of our ideas

    • cuando mucho — frm at (the) most

    • tener a algn en mucho — to think highly of sb

    • ni mucho menos, Juan no es ni mucho menos el que era — Juan is nothing like the man he was

    mi intención no era insultarte, ni mucho menos — I in no way intended to insult you, I didn't intend to insult you, far from it

    • por mucho que, por mucho que estudies — however hard you study

    por mucho que lo quieras no debes mimarlo — no matter how much you love him, you shouldn't spoil him

    * * *
    I
    a) <salir/ayudar> a lot

    me gusta muchísimo — I like it/her/him very much o a lot

    ¿llueve mucho? — is it raining hard?

    ¿estás preocupado? - mucho — are you worried? - (yes, I am,) very

    ¿te gusta? - sí, mucho — do you like it? - yes, very much; para locs ver mucho III 3)

    II
    - cha adjetivo
    1)
    a) (sing) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot of

    ¿tienes mucha hambre? — are you very hungry?

    b) (pl) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of

    ¿recibiste muchos regalos? — did you get many o a lot of presents?

    2) (sing)
    a) (fam) ( con valor plural)
    III
    - cha pronombre
    1) (refiriéndose a cantidad, número)

    mucho de lo que ha dicho — much o a lot of what he has said

    muchos creen que... — many (people) believe that...

    2) mucho ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a long time

    ¿falta mucho para llegar? — are we nearly there?

    ¿tuviste que esperar mucho? — did you have to wait long?

    con mucho — by far, easily

    no es un buen pianista ni mucho menos — he isn't a good pianist, far from it

    * * *
    = heavily, much, widely, a great deal, eminent + Nombre, utmost, vitally + Verbo, plenty, to any great degree, severely, lots of, rather a lot, numerable, a whole lot (of), a great deal of, a good deal of, greatly, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], extensively, a barrel/barrow load of monkeys, bags of.
    Ex. Regular overhaul of guiding is important, especially for the new user who may rely heavily upon it.
    Ex. Although the 1949 code was much longer than its predecessor, the 1908 code, it only contained rules pertaining to headings.
    Ex. An aggressive approach is made to publicity, with posters and leaflets distributed widely, visits to local shops, post offices, doctors surgeries etc, to drum up business, and the use of volunteers to hand out leaflets at street corners = Se inicia una campaña de publicidad enérgica, distribuyendo de forma general folletos y pósteres, visitando las tiendas, oficinas de correos y consultorías médicas de la localidad, etc., para promocionar el negocio, además de utilizar voluntarios para distribuir prospectos por las esquinas de las calles.
    Ex. Thus charwomen and porters in a university work in an institution where books are used a great deal but they themselves are highly unlikely to use them.
    Ex. 'I think it makes eminent sense, for the reasons I've outlined,' he said and started toward the door.
    Ex. Indeed, he must take the utmost care never to jump to conclusions.
    Ex. Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.
    Ex. One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.
    Ex. Consumer advice centres were not used to any great degree by the working classes or those groups most at risk as consumers -- the elderly, divorced, widowed and separated.
    Ex. Pressure on space will create the desire on the part of the editor to limit severely the length any paper being published.
    Ex. Though reference work is the backbone of their task, they do lots of things that are not reference work.
    Ex. Carlyle has been dead nearly a hundred years, but many an academic would like to agree with Carlyle even if, perhaps, universities have changed rather a lot since his day.
    Ex. During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.
    Ex. For the libraries in Belgium CD-ROM offers a new range of possibilities and a whole lot of reference works will be searchable and much more used.
    Ex. As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.
    Ex. There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.
    Ex. The computer can greatly assist in thesaurus compilation and updating.
    Ex. The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.
    Ex. In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.
    Ex. Fiction classifications are used extensively in public libraries.
    Ex. The landlord is as mad as a barrel load of monkeys, but a fine man and ex-soldier.
    Ex. His colleagues would say he's as daft as a brush, has bags of energy and enthusiasm but gets the job done.
    ----
    * a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.
    * afectar mucho = hit + hard.
    * Algo a lo que hay que dedicar mucho tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * andarse con mucho cuidado = walk on + eggshells, tread + the thin line between... and.
    * andarse con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * arriesgar mucho = play (for) + high stakes.
    * avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.
    * bajar mucho = go + way down.
    * beber mucho = drink + heavily.
    * bebida alcohólica con muchos grados = hard drink, hard liquor.
    * cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.
    * causar muchas víctimas = take + a toll on life.
    * como mucho = at best, at most, if at all, at the most, at the very latest.
    * conceder mucha importancia a = lay + great store on.
    * con mucha antelación = far in advance.
    * con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha diferencia = by far.
    * con mucha energía = high energy.
    * con mucha frecuencia = very often.
    * con mucha información = populated.
    * con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-talking.
    * con mucha palabrería = glibly.
    * con mucha población = heavily populated.
    * con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.
    * con muchas actividades = event-filled.
    * con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.
    * con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.
    * con muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.
    * con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].
    * con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.
    * con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.
    * con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].
    * con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.
    * con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.
    * con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].
    * con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.
    * con muchos detalles = elaborately.
    * con muchos eventos = event-filled.
    * con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].
    * con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.
    * con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho trabajo = painfully.
    * conseguir mucho = do + much.
    * contener mucho = be high in.
    * costar mucho trabajo = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.
    * dar mucha importancia = put + a premium on.
    * dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.
    * dar mucho valor a Algo = value + Nombre + highly.
    * darse (muchos) aires = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.
    * decir mucho de Algo = speak + volumes.
    * de hace muchos años = long-standing.
    * de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-term, long-lost.
    * dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.
    * demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.
    * de muchas formas = in more ways than one.
    * de muchas maneras = in every way.
    * de mucho arraigo = long-established.
    * de mucho beneficio = high-payoff.
    * de mucho cuidado = badass.
    * de mucho provecho = high-payoff.
    * de muchos usos = all-purpose.
    * desde hace muchos años = for years.
    * desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.
    * desempeñando muchas funciones = in many capacities.
    * destacar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).
    * día de mucho calor = scorcher.
    * donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.
    * durante el transcurso de muchos años = over many years.
    * durante muchas horas = for many long hours.
    * durante muchos años = for many years, for years to come, for many years to come, over many years, for years and years (and years).
    * durante mucho tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], for generations, long-time [longtime], for a long time to come, for long periods of time, for a long period of time, lastingly, for a very long time, for many long hours, for a long time, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * durar mucho = last + long.
    * durar mucho rato = take + a long time.
    * durar mucho tiempo = last + long.
    * echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.
    * echar mucho en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.
    * el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * en muchos aspectos = in most respects.
    * en muchos casos = in many instances.
    * en muchos grupos = in many quarters.
    * en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sectores = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sectores de la población = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.
    * escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.
    * existen de muchos tipos = come in + many guises.
    * existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....
    * faltar mucho = be a long way off.
    * faltar mucho (para) = there + be + a long way to go (before), have + a long way to go (before).
    * fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.
    * ganar mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.
    * guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.
    * guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.
    * gustar mucho = come up + a treat, go down + a treat.
    * gustar mucho las mujeres = womanise [womanize, -USA].
    * gustar mucho lo dulce = have + a sweet tooth.
    * haber de muchos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.
    * haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.
    * haber viajado mucho = be well-travelled.
    * hace muchas lunas = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.
    * hace muchos años = many years ago.
    * hace mucho tiempo = long since, all those many moons ago, many moons ago.
    * hacer mucho = do + much.
    * hacer mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.
    * hacer mucho por = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.
    * hacer muchos aspavientos por Algo = make + a song and dance about.
    * hace ya mucho tiempo que = gone are the days of.
    * hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.
    * ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * la mayoría con mucho = the vast majority of.
    * llenar mucho = be filling.
    * lo mucho que = how extensively.
    * mucha gente + esperar que = be widely expected.
    * muchas ganancias = high return.
    * Muchas gracias = Thank you very much.
    * muchas horas = long hours.
    * muchas otras cosas = much else.
    * muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.
    * mucha suerte = best of luck.
    * muchas veces = multiple times.
    * mucho + Adjetivo = very much + Adjetivo, significantly + Adjetivo.
    * mucho antes = early on.
    * mucho antes de = well before.
    * mucho + Comparativo = a good deal + Comparativo.
    * mucho dinero = big bucks.
    * mucho esfuerzo = hard work.
    * mucho interés = keen interest.
    * mucho más = order of magnitude, much more, much more so, a lot more, lots more.
    * mucho más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo, far + Adjetivo Comparativo.
    * mucho más + Adverbio/Adjetivo = far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo, far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo.
    * mucho más allá de = far beyond.
    * mucho más cerca = far closer.
    * mucho más de = well over + Expresión Numérica.
    * mucho más rápido = far faster.
    * mucho mayor = far greater, far larger, very much greater.
    * mucho mejor = far better.
    * mucho mejor que = far superior to.
    * mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.
    * mucho menos + Adjetivo = far + Adjetivo Comparativo.
    * mucho + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre, bleeding + Adjetivo/Nombre.
    * mucho peor = far worse.
    * mucho que + Infinitivo = a lot + Infinitivo.
    * mucho ruido y pocas nueces = much ado about nothing, storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.
    * muchos = many, good many, many a(n).
    * muchos beneficios = high return.
    * muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.
    * muchos más = a great many more.
    * muchos + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre.
    * mucho tiempo = long time, long periods of time, a very long time, long hours, ample time, for a long time.
    * mucho tiempo antes de (que) = long before.
    * mucho tiempo después = ages and ages hence.
    * mucho tiempo después (de que) = long after.
    * mucho trabajo = hard graft.
    * ni con mucho = not by a long shot.
    * ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.
    * no estar finalizado (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + completeness.
    * no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no hace mucho = in the recent past.
    * no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.
    * Nombre + no tardará mucho en = it won't be long before + Nombre.
    * Nombre + no tardó mucho en = it wasn't long before + Nombre.
    * no mucho después = not long after.
    * no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.
    * no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.
    * no perderse mucho = be no great loss.
    * pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.
    * pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.
    * persona con mucha ambición = social climber.
    * persona que ha viajado mucho = seasoned traveller.
    * poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empe = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.
    * poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.
    * por muchas razones = in many ways.
    * por mucho que lo + intentar = try as + Pronombre + might.
    * por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.
    * por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.
    * prometer mucho = promise + great possibilities, bode + well.
    * que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.
    * que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive.
    * que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.
    * quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).
    * quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.
    * quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.
    * quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.
    * que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.
    * que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.
    * que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.
    * que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.
    * que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.
    * que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.
    * quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.
    * resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).
    * saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * ser de mucho uso = take + Nombre + a long way.
    * ser mucho = be a mouthful.
    * ser mucho más = be all the more.
    * ser mucho más que = be far more than.
    * sin mucha antelación = at short notice.
    * sin mucha anticipación = at short notice.
    * sin mucha dificultad = painlessly.
    * sin muchas contemplaciones = unceremoniously.
    * sin muchos inconvenientes = without much grudging.
    * sin pensarlo mucho = off the top of + Posesivo + head.
    * sorprenderse mucho = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.
    * tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.
    * tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.
    * tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.
    * tener mucho carácter = be full of character.
    * tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.
    * tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.
    * tener mucho interés por = be keen to.
    * tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.
    * tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.
    * trabajando mucho = hard at work.
    * trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * trabajar mucho = work + hard.
    * usuario que hace mucho uso del préstamo = heavy borrower.
    * venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.
    * Verbo + mucho = Verbo + hard.
    * y cuanto mucho menos = much less.
    * y mucho más = and much more.
    * y mucho menos = much less, least of all.
    * y mucho(s) más = and more.
    * * *
    I
    a) <salir/ayudar> a lot

    me gusta muchísimo — I like it/her/him very much o a lot

    ¿llueve mucho? — is it raining hard?

    ¿estás preocupado? - mucho — are you worried? - (yes, I am,) very

    ¿te gusta? - sí, mucho — do you like it? - yes, very much; para locs ver mucho III 3)

    II
    - cha adjetivo
    1)
    a) (sing) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot of

    ¿tienes mucha hambre? — are you very hungry?

    b) (pl) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of

    ¿recibiste muchos regalos? — did you get many o a lot of presents?

    2) (sing)
    a) (fam) ( con valor plural)
    III
    - cha pronombre
    1) (refiriéndose a cantidad, número)

    mucho de lo que ha dicho — much o a lot of what he has said

    muchos creen que... — many (people) believe that...

    2) mucho ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a long time

    ¿falta mucho para llegar? — are we nearly there?

    ¿tuviste que esperar mucho? — did you have to wait long?

    con mucho — by far, easily

    no es un buen pianista ni mucho menos — he isn't a good pianist, far from it

    * * *
    = heavily, much, widely, a great deal, eminent + Nombre, utmost, vitally + Verbo, plenty, to any great degree, severely, lots of, rather a lot, numerable, a whole lot (of), a great deal of, a good deal of, greatly, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], extensively, a barrel/barrow load of monkeys, bags of.

    Ex: Regular overhaul of guiding is important, especially for the new user who may rely heavily upon it.

    Ex: Although the 1949 code was much longer than its predecessor, the 1908 code, it only contained rules pertaining to headings.
    Ex: An aggressive approach is made to publicity, with posters and leaflets distributed widely, visits to local shops, post offices, doctors surgeries etc, to drum up business, and the use of volunteers to hand out leaflets at street corners = Se inicia una campaña de publicidad enérgica, distribuyendo de forma general folletos y pósteres, visitando las tiendas, oficinas de correos y consultorías médicas de la localidad, etc., para promocionar el negocio, además de utilizar voluntarios para distribuir prospectos por las esquinas de las calles.
    Ex: Thus charwomen and porters in a university work in an institution where books are used a great deal but they themselves are highly unlikely to use them.
    Ex: 'I think it makes eminent sense, for the reasons I've outlined,' he said and started toward the door.
    Ex: Indeed, he must take the utmost care never to jump to conclusions.
    Ex: Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.
    Ex: One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.
    Ex: Consumer advice centres were not used to any great degree by the working classes or those groups most at risk as consumers -- the elderly, divorced, widowed and separated.
    Ex: Pressure on space will create the desire on the part of the editor to limit severely the length any paper being published.
    Ex: Though reference work is the backbone of their task, they do lots of things that are not reference work.
    Ex: Carlyle has been dead nearly a hundred years, but many an academic would like to agree with Carlyle even if, perhaps, universities have changed rather a lot since his day.
    Ex: During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.
    Ex: For the libraries in Belgium CD-ROM offers a new range of possibilities and a whole lot of reference works will be searchable and much more used.
    Ex: As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.
    Ex: There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.
    Ex: The computer can greatly assist in thesaurus compilation and updating.
    Ex: The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.
    Ex: In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.
    Ex: Fiction classifications are used extensively in public libraries.
    Ex: The landlord is as mad as a barrel load of monkeys, but a fine man and ex-soldier.
    Ex: His colleagues would say he's as daft as a brush, has bags of energy and enthusiasm but gets the job done.
    * a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.
    * afectar mucho = hit + hard.
    * Algo a lo que hay que dedicar mucho tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * andarse con mucho cuidado = walk on + eggshells, tread + the thin line between... and.
    * andarse con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * arriesgar mucho = play (for) + high stakes.
    * avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.
    * bajar mucho = go + way down.
    * beber mucho = drink + heavily.
    * bebida alcohólica con muchos grados = hard drink, hard liquor.
    * cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.
    * causar muchas víctimas = take + a toll on life.
    * como mucho = at best, at most, if at all, at the most, at the very latest.
    * conceder mucha importancia a = lay + great store on.
    * con mucha antelación = far in advance.
    * con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha diferencia = by far.
    * con mucha energía = high energy.
    * con mucha frecuencia = very often.
    * con mucha información = populated.
    * con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-talking.
    * con mucha palabrería = glibly.
    * con mucha población = heavily populated.
    * con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.
    * con muchas actividades = event-filled.
    * con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.
    * con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.
    * con muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.
    * con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].
    * con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.
    * con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.
    * con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].
    * con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.
    * con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.
    * con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].
    * con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.
    * con muchos detalles = elaborately.
    * con muchos eventos = event-filled.
    * con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].
    * con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.
    * con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho trabajo = painfully.
    * conseguir mucho = do + much.
    * contener mucho = be high in.
    * costar mucho trabajo = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.
    * dar mucha importancia = put + a premium on.
    * dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.
    * dar mucho valor a Algo = value + Nombre + highly.
    * darse (muchos) aires = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.
    * decir mucho de Algo = speak + volumes.
    * de hace muchos años = long-standing.
    * de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-term, long-lost.
    * dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.
    * demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.
    * de muchas formas = in more ways than one.
    * de muchas maneras = in every way.
    * de mucho arraigo = long-established.
    * de mucho beneficio = high-payoff.
    * de mucho cuidado = badass.
    * de mucho provecho = high-payoff.
    * de muchos usos = all-purpose.
    * desde hace muchos años = for years.
    * desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.
    * desempeñando muchas funciones = in many capacities.
    * destacar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).
    * día de mucho calor = scorcher.
    * donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.
    * durante el transcurso de muchos años = over many years.
    * durante muchas horas = for many long hours.
    * durante muchos años = for many years, for years to come, for many years to come, over many years, for years and years (and years).
    * durante mucho tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], for generations, long-time [longtime], for a long time to come, for long periods of time, for a long period of time, lastingly, for a very long time, for many long hours, for a long time, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * durar mucho = last + long.
    * durar mucho rato = take + a long time.
    * durar mucho tiempo = last + long.
    * echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.
    * echar mucho en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.
    * el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * en muchos aspectos = in most respects.
    * en muchos casos = in many instances.
    * en muchos grupos = in many quarters.
    * en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sectores = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sectores de la población = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.
    * escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.
    * existen de muchos tipos = come in + many guises.
    * existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....
    * faltar mucho = be a long way off.
    * faltar mucho (para) = there + be + a long way to go (before), have + a long way to go (before).
    * fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.
    * ganar mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.
    * guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.
    * guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.
    * gustar mucho = come up + a treat, go down + a treat.
    * gustar mucho las mujeres = womanise [womanize, -USA].
    * gustar mucho lo dulce = have + a sweet tooth.
    * haber de muchos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.
    * haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.
    * haber viajado mucho = be well-travelled.
    * hace muchas lunas = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.
    * hace muchos años = many years ago.
    * hace mucho tiempo = long since, all those many moons ago, many moons ago.
    * hacer mucho = do + much.
    * hacer mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.
    * hacer mucho por = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.
    * hacer muchos aspavientos por Algo = make + a song and dance about.
    * hace ya mucho tiempo que = gone are the days of.
    * hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.
    * ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * la mayoría con mucho = the vast majority of.
    * llenar mucho = be filling.
    * lo mucho que = how extensively.
    * mucha gente + esperar que = be widely expected.
    * muchas ganancias = high return.
    * Muchas gracias = Thank you very much.
    * muchas horas = long hours.
    * muchas otras cosas = much else.
    * muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.
    * mucha suerte = best of luck.
    * muchas veces = multiple times.
    * mucho + Adjetivo = very much + Adjetivo, significantly + Adjetivo.
    * mucho antes = early on.
    * mucho antes de = well before.
    * mucho + Comparativo = a good deal + Comparativo.
    * mucho dinero = big bucks.
    * mucho esfuerzo = hard work.
    * mucho interés = keen interest.
    * mucho más = order of magnitude, much more, much more so, a lot more, lots more.
    * mucho más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo, far + Adjetivo Comparativo.
    * mucho más + Adverbio/Adjetivo = far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo, far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo.
    * mucho más allá de = far beyond.
    * mucho más cerca = far closer.
    * mucho más de = well over + Expresión Numérica.
    * mucho más rápido = far faster.
    * mucho mayor = far greater, far larger, very much greater.
    * mucho mejor = far better.
    * mucho mejor que = far superior to.
    * mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.
    * mucho menos + Adjetivo = far + Adjetivo Comparativo.
    * mucho + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre, bleeding + Adjetivo/Nombre.
    * mucho peor = far worse.
    * mucho que + Infinitivo = a lot + Infinitivo.
    * mucho ruido y pocas nueces = much ado about nothing, storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.
    * muchos = many, good many, many a(n).
    * muchos beneficios = high return.
    * muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.
    * muchos más = a great many more.
    * muchos + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre.
    * mucho tiempo = long time, long periods of time, a very long time, long hours, ample time, for a long time.
    * mucho tiempo antes de (que) = long before.
    * mucho tiempo después = ages and ages hence.
    * mucho tiempo después (de que) = long after.
    * mucho trabajo = hard graft.
    * ni con mucho = not by a long shot.
    * ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.
    * no estar finalizado (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + completeness.
    * no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no hace mucho = in the recent past.
    * no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.
    * Nombre + no tardará mucho en = it won't be long before + Nombre.
    * Nombre + no tardó mucho en = it wasn't long before + Nombre.
    * no mucho después = not long after.
    * no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.
    * no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.
    * no perderse mucho = be no great loss.
    * pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.
    * pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.
    * persona con mucha ambición = social climber.
    * persona que ha viajado mucho = seasoned traveller.
    * poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empe = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.
    * poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.
    * por muchas razones = in many ways.
    * por mucho que lo + intentar = try as + Pronombre + might.
    * por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.
    * por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.
    * prometer mucho = promise + great possibilities, bode + well.
    * que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.
    * que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive.
    * que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.
    * quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).
    * quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.
    * quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.
    * quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.
    * que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.
    * que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.
    * que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.
    * que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.
    * que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.
    * que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.
    * quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.
    * resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).
    * saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * ser de mucho uso = take + Nombre + a long way.
    * ser mucho = be a mouthful.
    * ser mucho más = be all the more.
    * ser mucho más que = be far more than.
    * sin mucha antelación = at short notice.
    * sin mucha anticipación = at short notice.
    * sin mucha dificultad = painlessly.
    * sin muchas contemplaciones = unceremoniously.
    * sin muchos inconvenientes = without much grudging.
    * sin pensarlo mucho = off the top of + Posesivo + head.
    * sorprenderse mucho = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.
    * tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.
    * tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.
    * tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.
    * tener mucho carácter = be full of character.
    * tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.
    * tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.
    * tener mucho interés por = be keen to.
    * tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.
    * tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.
    * trabajando mucho = hard at work.
    * trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * trabajar mucho = work + hard.
    * usuario que hace mucho uso del préstamo = heavy borrower.
    * venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.
    * Verbo + mucho = Verbo + hard.
    * y cuanto mucho menos = much less.
    * y mucho más = and much more.
    * y mucho menos = much less, least of all.
    * y mucho(s) más = and more.

    * * *
    1
    salen mucho they go out a lot
    no salen mucho they don't go out much o a lot
    ¿salen mucho? do they go out much o a lot?
    me ayudaron muchísimo they really helped me a lot
    ahora funciona mucho mejor it works much o a lot better now
    esto preocupa, y mucho, a los ecologistas this is a matter of great concern to ecologists
    trabaja mucho he works very hard
    ¿llueve mucho? is it raining hard?
    me gusta muchísimo I like it a lot o very much
    por mucho que insistas, no te va a hacer caso no matter how much you insist o however much you insist he won't listen to you
    por mucho que le grites no te oye you can shout as much as you like but he won't hear you
    después de mucho discutir llegaron a un acuerdo after long discussions, they reached an agreement
    mucho criticar a los demás pero ella tampoco hace nada por ayudar she's forever o always criticizing others but she doesn't do anything to help either
    2
    (en respuestas): ¿estás preocupado? — mucho are you worried? — (yes, I am,) very
    ¿te gusta? — sí, mucho do you like it? — yes, very much
    para locs ver mucho3 pron C. (↑ mucho (3))
    A
    1 ( sing) a lot of; (en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot of
    tiene mucha vitamina C it contains a lot of vitamin C
    no le tienen mucho respeto they don't have much o a lot of respect for him
    había mucha gente there were lots of o a lot of people there
    sucedió hace mucho tiempo it happened a long time ago
    ¿tienes mucha hambre? are you very hungry?
    una ciudad con mucha vida nocturna a city with plenty of night life
    2 (pl) a lot of; (en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of
    ¿recibiste muchos regalos? did you get many o a lot of presents?
    sus muchas obligaciones le impidieron asistir his many commitments prevented him from attending
    muchos niños pasan hambre many children go hungry
    seis hijos son muchos six children's a lot
    somos muchos there are a lot of us
    B ( sing)
    1 ( fam)
    (con valor plural): mucho elogio, mucho cumplido pero no me lo van a publicar they're full of praise and compliments but they're not going to publish it
    hoy día hay mucho sinvergüenza por ahí these days there are a lot of rogues around
    2 ( fam)
    (con valor ponderativo): era mucho jugador para un equipo tan mediocre he was much too good a player for a mediocre team like that
    A
    (refiriéndose a cantidad, número): mucho de lo que ha dicho es falso much o a lot of what he has said is untrue
    tengo mucho que hacer I have a lot to do
    si no es mucho pedir if it's not too much to ask
    muchos creen que … many (people) believe that …
    muchos son los llamados pero pocos los elegidos ( Bib) many are called but few are chosen
    B
    hace mucho que no vamos al teatro we haven't been to the theater for a long time o for ages
    ¿falta mucho para llegar? are we nearly there?, is it much further?
    ¿tuviste que esperar mucho? did you have to wait long?
    mucho antes de conocerte long o a long time before I met you
    C ( en locs):
    como mucho at (the) most
    costará unos 30 dólares como mucho it probably costs about 30 dollars at (the) most
    con mucho by far, easily
    fue, con mucho, la mejor de la clase she was by far o easily the best in the class, she was the best in the class, by far
    cuando mucho at (the) most
    ni mucho menos: no pretendo aconsejarte ni mucho menos I'm in no way trying to give you advice
    no es un buen pianista ni mucho menos he isn't a good pianist, far from it
    * * *

     

    mucho 1 adverbio
    a) ‹salir/ayudar› a lot;

    ‹ trabajar› hard;
    ◊ no salen mucho they don't go out much o a lot;

    me gusta muchísimo I like it very much o a lot;
    mucho mejor a lot better;
    por mucho que insistas no matter how much you insist;
    después de mucho discutir after much discussion

    ◊ ¿estás preocupado? — mucho are you worried? — (yes, I am,) very;

    ¿te gusta? — sí, mucho do you like it? — yes, very much
    mucho 2
    ◊ - cha adjetivo

    a) ( sing) a lot of;

    (en oraciones negativas, interrogativas) much, a lot of;

    no gano mucho dinero I don't earn much o a lot of money;
    ¿ves mucha televisión? do you watch much o a lot of television;
    tiene mucha hambre he's very hungry
    b) (pl) many, a lot of;

    ◊ había muchos extranjeros/muchas personas allí there were many o a lot of foreigners/people there;

    hace muchos años many years ago
    ■ pronombre
    1 ( referido a cantidad)
    a) ( sing) a lot;

    ( en oraciones negativas) much;

    tengo mucho que hacer I have a lot to do;
    eso no es mucho that's not much;
    no queda mucha there isn't much left
    b) (pl) many;

    ◊ muchos creen que … many (people) believe that …;

    muchos de nosotros many of us
    2
    ◊ mucho



    ¿te falta mucho para terminar? will it take you long to finish?;
    mucho antes long before;
    ¿tuviste que esperar mucho? did you have to wait long?
    b) ( en locs)


    con mucho by far, easily;
    ni mucho menos far from it;
    por mucho que … however much …
    mucho,-a
    I adj indef
    1 (abundante, numeroso) (en frases afirmativas) a lot of, lots of
    mucha comida, a lot of food
    muchos animales, lots of animals
    (en frases negativas) much, many pl: no queda mucho azúcar, there isn't much sugar left
    no conozco muchos sitios, I don't know many places
    2 (intenso) very: tengo mucho calor/miedo, I'm very hot/scared
    hizo mucho esfuerzo, he made a great effort
    3 (demasiado) es mucha responsabilidad, it's too much responsibility
    II pron
    1 a lot, a great deal, many: muchos fuimos al baile, many/lots of us went to the dance
    muchos de nosotros/vosotros, many of us/you
    de ésos tengo muchos, I've got lots of those
    III adverbio
    1 (cantidad) a lot, very much: me arrepentí mucho, I was very sorry
    2 (tiempo) hace mucho que desapareció, he went missing a long time ago
    hace mucho que estamos aquí, we have been here for a long time
    (a menudo) often: vamos mucho al cine, we go to the cinema quite often
    ♦ Locuciones: como mucho, at the most
    con mucho, by far
    ¡ni mucho menos!, no way!
    por mucho (que), however much
    Recuerda que el singular es much, el plural es many, y que estas dos palabras se suelen usar en frases negativas (no tengo demasiado tiempo, I haven't got much time), mientras que a lot (of) y lots (of) se encuentran en frases afirmativas: Tengo mucho dinero. I've got a lot of/lots of money. En frases interrogativas se usa tanto much y many como a lot o lots of: ¿Tienes mucho dinero?, Have you got much/ a lot of/lots of money? Sin embargo, en preguntas que empiezan por how sólo puedes emplear much o many: ¿Cuánto dinero tienes?, How much money have you got?
    ' mucho' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abandonarse
    - abrigar
    - abultar
    - achicharrar
    - achicharrarse
    - acoger
    - adelantar
    - adentro
    - adorar
    - afear
    - afecta
    - afectar
    - afecto
    - agradecer
    - alejarse
    - antes
    - aparato
    - aprecio
    - aprovechar
    - ascendiente
    - avejentarse
    - avenida
    - avenido
    - bailar
    - bastante
    - boato
    - bombo
    - brío
    - cacarear
    - caché
    - cachet
    - calor
    - carácter
    - cariño
    - carrete
    - cascar
    - cervical
    - chapar
    - chiflar
    - cocerse
    - coco
    - comer
    - contraponer
    - costar
    - cuando
    - de
    - deber
    - decaer
    - decir
    - defraudar
    English:
    ability
    - ado
    - afraid
    - age
    - ago
    - agony
    - all-out
    - alone
    - anywhere
    - around
    - as
    - attract
    - attuned to
    - backlog
    - badly
    - bake
    - balance
    - be
    - best
    - booze
    - bulky
    - busywork
    - capital
    - cautious
    - chalk
    - challenging
    - charisma
    - come along
    - come into
    - commotion
    - concern
    - deal
    - dear
    - demand
    - devoted
    - difficult
    - do
    - dog days
    - doing
    - easily
    - emotional
    - enthusiastic
    - esteem
    - exhilarate
    - experience
    - extravagant
    - fancy
    - far
    - fat
    - few
    * * *
    mucho, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [gran cantidad de] a lot of;
    comemos mucho pescado/mucha verdura we eat a lot of fish/vegetables;
    había mucha gente there were a lot of people there;
    producen muchos residuos they produce a lot of waste;
    tengo muchos más/menos amigos que tú I've got a lot more/fewer friends than you;
    no tengo mucho tiempo I haven't got much o a lot of time;
    no nos quedan muchas entradas we haven't got many o a lot of tickets left;
    ¿hay muchas cosas que hacer? are there a lot of things to do?, is there much to do?;
    no tengo muchas ganas de ir I don't really o much feel like going;
    tengo mucho sueño I'm very sleepy;
    hoy hace mucho calor it's very hot today;
    hace mucho tiempo a long time ago;
    ¡mucha suerte! the best of luck!;
    ¡muchas gracias! thank you very much!
    2. (singular) [demasiado]
    hay mucho niño aquí there are rather a lot of kids here;
    mucha sal me parece que le estás echando I think you're overdoing the salt a bit, I think you're adding a bit too much salt;
    ésta es mucha casa para mí this house is much too big for me;
    Fam
    es mucho hombre he's a real man;
    es mucho coche para un conductor novato it's far too powerful a car for an inexperienced driver;
    es mucha mujer para ti she's out of your league!;
    Fam
    mucho lujo y mucho camarero trajeado pero la comida es horrible it's all very luxurious and full of smartly dressed waiters, but the food's terrible
    ♦ pron
    (singular) a lot;
    * * *
    I adj
    1 singular a lot of, lots of; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb
    much;
    mucho tiempo a lot of time;
    no tengo mucho tiempo I don’t have a lot of time o much time;
    tengo mucho frío I am very cold;
    es mucho coche para mí this car’s too much for me
    2 plural a lot of, lots of; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb
    many;
    muchos amigos a lot of friends;
    no tengo muchos amigos I don’t have a lot of friends o many friends
    II pron
    1 singular a lot; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb
    much;
    no tengo mucho I don’t have much o a lot
    2 plural a lot; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb
    many;
    no tengo muchos I don’t have many o a lot;
    muchos creen que … a lot of people o many people think that …
    III adv
    1 a lot; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb
    much;
    ¿cuesta mucho? does it cost a lot o much?;
    nos vemos mucho we see each other often o a lot;
    hace mucho que no te veo I haven’t seen you for a long time;
    ¿dura/tarda mucho? does it last/take long?
    2
    :
    como mucho at the most;
    dan mucho de sí you can do a lot in 10 months;
    no es ni con mucho he is far from being …;
    ni mucho menos far from it;
    por mucho que however much
    * * *
    mucho adv
    1) : much, a lot
    mucho más: much more
    le gusta mucho: he likes it a lot
    2) : long, a long time
    tardó mucho en venir: he was a long time getting here
    3)
    por mucho que : no matter how much
    mucho, - cha adj
    1) : a lot of, many, much
    mucha gente: a lot of people
    hace mucho tiempo que no lo veo: I haven't seen him in ages
    2)
    muchas veces : often
    mucho, - cha pron
    1) : a lot, many, much
    hay mucho que hacer: there is a lot to do
    muchas no vinieron: many didn't come
    2)
    como mucho : at most
    3)
    con mucho : by far
    4)
    ni mucho menos : not at all, far from it
    * * *
    mucho1 adj
    1. (en general) a lot of / lots of
    ¿marcaste muchos goles? did you score many goals?
    mucho2 adv
    1. (en general) a lot
    lo siento mucho I'm very sorry / I'm really sorry
    3. (mucho tiempo) a long time
    no está acabado, ni mucho menos it is far from finished
    mucho3 pron
    3. (con plurales) many / a lot

    Spanish-English dictionary > mucho

  • 5 गुरु _guru

    गुरु a. (
    -रु, -र्वी f.) [ग कु उच्च Uṇ.1.24.] (compar. गरीयस्; superl. गरिष्ठ)
    1 Heavy, weighty (opp. लघु); (fig. also); तेन धूर्जगतो गुर्वी सचिवेषु निचिक्षिपे R.1.34;3.35; 12.12; विमुच्य वासांसि गुरूणि साम्प्रतम् Ṛs.1.7.
    -2 Great, large, long, extended.
    -3 Long (in duration or length). आरम्भगुर्वी Bh.2.6; गुरुषु दिवसेष्वेषु गच्छत्सु Me.85.
    -4 Important, momentous, great; विभवगुरुभिः कृत्यैः Ś.4. 19; स्वार्थात्सतां गुरुतरा प्रणयिक्रियैव V.4.31; Ku.3.13; Bh.3.7; R.14.35.
    -5 Arduous, difficult (to bear); कान्ताविरहगुरुणा शापेन Me.1.
    -6 Great, excessive, violent, intense; गुरुः प्रहर्षः प्रबभूव नात्मनि R.3.17; गुर्वपि विरहदुःखम् Ś.4.16; Bg.6.22.
    -7 Venerable, respectable.
    -8 Heavy, hard of digestion (as food).
    -9 Best, excel- lent.
    -1 Dear, beloved.
    -11 Haughty, proud (as a speech).
    -12 (In prosody) Long, as a syllable, either in itself, or being short, followed by a con- junct consonant &c.; e. g. ई in ईड् or त in तस्कर (It is usually represented by ग in works on prosody; मात्तौ गौ चेच्छालिनी वेदलोकैः &c.).
    -13 Irresistible, unassailable; जागर्ति दंशाय...गुरुर्भुजङ्गी Māl.6.1.
    -14 Mighty; powerful.
    -15 Valuable, highly prized; पूर्वं पूर्वं गुरु ज्ञेयम् Y.2.3.
    -16 Grievous; Me.85.
    -रुः 1 (a) A father; न केवलं तद्गुरुरेकपार्थिवः क्षितावभूदेकधनुर्धरो$पि सः R.3.31,48;4.1; 8.29. (b) Forefather, ancestor; त्वां मैत्रावरुणो$भिनन्दतु गुरुर्यस्ते गुरूणामपि U.5.27. (c) Father-in-law; त्वं हि मे गुरुः (तद्धर्मतः स्नुषा ते$हम्) Rām.7.26.28-29.
    -2 Any vener- able or respectable person, an elderly personage or relative, the elders (pl.) शुश्रूषस्व गुरून् Ś.4.18; Bg. 2.5; Bv.2.7,18,19,49; आज्ञा गुरूणां ह्यविचारणीया R. 14.46.
    -3 A teacher, preceptor; गुरुशिष्यौ.
    -4 Parti- cularly, a religious teacher, spiritual preceptor. तौ गुरुर्गुरुपत्नी च प्रीत्या प्रतिननन्दतुः R.1.57; (technically a Guru is one who performs the purificatory ceremonies over a boy and instructs him in the Vedas; स गुरुर्यः क्रियाः कृत्वा वेदमस्मै प्रयच्छति Y.1.34).
    -5 A lord, head, supe- rintendent, ruler; सर्वे गुरुहिते स्थिताः Rām.4.4.6; कर्णाश्रमाणां गुरवे स वर्णी R.5.19 the head of the castes or orders; गुरुर्नृपाणां गुरवे निवेद्य 2.68.
    -6 N. of Bṛihaspati, the preceptor of the gods; गुरुं नेत्रसहस्रेण चोदयामास वासवः Ku.2.29; Pt.1.23.
    -7 The planet Jupiter; गुरुकाव्यानुगां बिभ्रच्चान्द्रीमभिनभः श्रियम् Śi.2.2.
    -8 The propounder of a new doctrine.
    -9 The lunar as- terism called पुष्य.
    -1 N. of Droṇa, teacher of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas.
    -11 N. of Prabhākara, the leader of a school of the Mīmāṁsakas (called after him Prābhākara).
    -12 The supreme spirit.
    -Comp. -अक्षरम् a long syllable.
    -अङ्गना 1 the wife of a Guru.
    -2 A woman entitled to great respect.
    -अर्थ a. important; सतीं व्यादाय शृण्वन्तो लघ्वीं गुर्वर्थगह्वराम् Bhāg.3. 16.14. (
    -र्थः) a preceptor's fee for instructing a pupil; गुर्वर्थमाहर्तुमहं यतिष्ये R.5.17.
    -उत्तम a. highly revered. (
    -मः) the Supreme soul.
    -उपदेशः 1 Consultation of the experts; एषु स्थानेषु गुरूपदेशात् सम्यङ् नाडीं परीक्ष्य शिरामोचनं कुर्यात् Śālihotra of Bhoja, 82.
    -2 advice by the elders or by the preceptor.
    -कण्ठः a peacock.
    -कारः worship, adoration.
    -कार्यम् 1 a serious or weighty affair.
    -2 the office of a spiritual teacher.
    -कुलम् the residence of a Guru (गुरुगृह), academy; वसन् गुरुकुले नित्यं नित्यम- ध्ययने रतः Mb.9.4.3; आवृत्तानां गुरुकुलाद्विप्राणां पूजको भवेत् Ms.7.82.
    -कृत a.
    1 worshipped.
    -2 made much of; अहो निन्द्यं रूपं कविजनविशेषैर्गुरु कृतम् Bh.3.2.
    -क्रमः instruc- tion handed down through a series of teachers, tradi- tional instruction.
    -गृहम् signs (राशिs) Sagittarius (धनु) and Pisces (मीन).
    -घ्नः white mustard.
    -चर्या attend- ance upon a preceptor; Māl.9.51.
    -जनः any venerable person, an elderly relative, the elders collectively; नापेक्षितो गुरुजनः K.158; Bv.2.7.
    -तल्पः 1 the bed (wife) of a teacher.
    -2 violation or violator of a tea- cher's bed; Mb.12.56.32.
    -तल्पगः, -तल्पिन् m.
    1 one who violates his teacher's bed (wife), (ranked in Hindu law as a sinner of the worst kind, committer of an अतिपातक; cf. Ms.11.13); Mb.3.43.6.
    -2 one who defiles his step-mother.
    -दक्षिणा fee given to a spiritual preceptor; उपात्तविद्यो गुरुदक्षिणार्थी R.5.1.
    -दानम् a Guru's gift.
    -दैवतम् the constellation पुष्य.
    -पत्रा the tamarind tree.
    -त्रम् tin.
    -पाक a. difficult of digestion.
    -पूजा 1 the ceremonies in propitiation of Bṛihaspati when a work is to be performed or undertaken.
    -2 the wor- ship of one's spiritual preceptor.
    -प्रसादः the product of a Guru's blessing, i. e. learning.
    -भम् 1 the constel- lation पुष्य.
    -2 a bow.
    -3 the sign Pisces of the zodiac.
    -भावः importance, weight.
    -मर्दलः a kind of drum or tabor.
    -रत्नम् 1 topaz; (Mar. पुष्पराग, गोमेद).
    -2 a gem brought from the Himālaya and the Indus.
    -लाघवम् relative importance or value; विरोधिषु महीपाल निश्चित्य गुरु- लाघवम् Mb.3.131.12; Ś.5.
    -वर्चोघ्नः the lime, citron.
    -वर्तिन्, -वासिन् m. a student (ब्रह्मचारिन्) who resides at his preceptor's house.
    -वर्ति, -ता f. respectful beha- viour towards Guru (elder or venerable person); निवेद्य गुरवे राज्यं भजिष्ये गुरुवर्तिताम् Rām.2.115.19.
    -वारः, -वासरः Thursday.
    -वृत्तिः f. the conduct of a pupil towards his preceptor; Rām.2.9.2.
    -व्यथ a. greatly distres- sed, heavy with grief; वचोभिराशाजननैर्भवानिव गुरुव्यथम् V. 3.9.
    -शिखरिन् m. an epithet of the Himālaya.
    -श्रुतिः a mantra (especially गायत्री); जपमानो गुरुश्रुतिम् Mb.13. 136.6.
    -स्वम् (= ष्वम्) the preceptor's wealth or pro- perty; गवां क्षीरं गुरुष्वं ते... Bm.1.35.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > गुरु _guru

  • 6 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 7 se

    pron.
    1 himself, (f) herself (de personas) (singular).
    se está lavando, está lavándose she is washing (herself)
    se lavó los dientes she cleaned her teeth
    espero que se diviertan I hope you enjoy yourselves
    el perro se lame the dog is licking itself
    se lame la herida it's licking its wound
    se levantaron y se fueron they got up and left
    2 oneself.
    hay que afeitarse todos los días one has to shave every day, you have to shave every day
    3 each other, one another.
    se aman they love each other
    se escriben cartas they write to each other
    4 (to) him, (f) (to) her (de personas) (singular).
    se lo dio he gave it to him/her/etc
    se lo dije, pero no me hizo caso I told her, but she didn't listen
    si usted quiere, yo se lo arreglo en un minuto if you like, I'll sort it out for you in a minute
    m.
    Se, selenium.
    * * *
    SE
    1 ( sureste) southeast; (símbolo) SE
    * * *
    pron.
    1) to him, to her, to you, to them
    2) himself, herself, itself, yourself, yourselves, themselves
    * * *
    ABR
    = sudeste SE
    * * *
    (= sureste) SE
    * * *
    = one.
    Ex. None of these labels is entirely accurate, in that some packages which one would want to include in this category do not match one or other of these labels.
    ----
    * per se = per se.
    * se anunciará = to be announced.
    * se argumenta que = the argument goes that.
    * se avecinan malos tiempos = hard times lie ahead.
    * se cae de su peso que = it goes without saying that.
    * se decía que = rumour had it that.
    * se desprende que = it follows that.
    * se dice = so the story goes.
    * se dice pronto, pero no es tan fácil = easier said than done.
    * se dice que = rumour has it that, the saying + be + that.
    * se ha hecho público = word's out, the.
    * se pierda o se gane = win or lose.
    * se postula que = the argument goes that.
    * se puede = is to be.
    * se rumoreaba que = rumour had it that.
    * se rumorea que = rumour has it that.
    * ¡se te acabó el cuento! = the jig's up!.
    * se va a + Infinitivo = be to be + Participio.
    * se + Verbo = be + to be + Verbo, one + Verbo.
    * se ve tal cual aparecerá impreso (WYSIWYG) = WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get).
    * * *
    (= sureste) SE
    * * *
    = one.

    Ex: None of these labels is entirely accurate, in that some packages which one would want to include in this category do not match one or other of these labels.

    * per se = per se.
    * se anunciará = to be announced.
    * se argumenta que = the argument goes that.
    * se avecinan malos tiempos = hard times lie ahead.
    * se cae de su peso que = it goes without saying that.
    * se decía que = rumour had it that.
    * se desprende que = it follows that.
    * se dice = so the story goes.
    * se dice pronto, pero no es tan fácil = easier said than done.
    * se dice que = rumour has it that, the saying + be + that.
    * se ha hecho público = word's out, the.
    * se pierda o se gane = win or lose.
    * se postula que = the argument goes that.
    * se puede = is to be.
    * se rumoreaba que = rumour had it that.
    * se rumorea que = rumour has it that.
    * ¡se te acabó el cuento! = the jig's up!.
    * se va a + Infinitivo = be to be + Participio.
    * se + Verbo = be + to be + Verbo, one + Verbo.
    * se ve tal cual aparecerá impreso (WYSIWYG) = WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get).

    * * *
    SE
    (= sureste) SE
    * * *

    Multiple Entries:
    S.E.    
    SE    
    saber    
    se    
    ser    
    sé
    saber 1 sustantivo masculino
    knowledge;

    saber 2 ( conjugate saber) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹nombre/dirección/canción› to know;


    no lo sé I don't know;
    no sé cómo se llama I don't know his name;
    ¡yo qué sé! how (on earth) should I know! (colloq);
    que yo sepa as far as I know;
    sé algo de algo to know sth about sth;
    sé muy poco de ese tema I know very little about the subject;
    no sabe lo que dice he doesn't know what he's talking about


    sin que lo supiéramos without our knowing;
    ¡si yo lo hubiera sabido antes! if I had only known before!;
    ¡cómo iba yo a sé que …! how was I to know that …!
    2 ( ser capaz de):

    ¿sabes nadar? can you swim?, do you know how to swim?;
    sabe escuchar she's a good listener;
    sabe hablar varios idiomas she can speak several languages
    verbo intransitivo

    ◊ ¿quién sabe? who knows?;

    sé de algo/algn to know of sth/sb;
    yo sé de un lugar donde te lo pueden arreglar I know of a place where you can get it fixed
    b) (tener noticias, enterarse):


    yo supe del accidente por la radio I heard about the accident on the radio
    a) ( tener sabor) (+ compl) to taste;

    ◊ sabe dulce/bien it tastes sweet/nice;

    sé a algo to taste of sth;
    no sabe a nada it doesn't taste of anything;
    sabe a podrido it tastes rotten
    b) ( causar cierta impresión): me sabe mal or no me sabe bien tener que decírselo I don't like having to tell him

    saberse verbo pronominal ( enf) ‹lección/poema› to know
    se pron pers
    1 seguido de otro pronombre: sustituyendo a
    ◊ le, les: ya sé lo he dicho ( a él) I've already told him;


    ( a ella) I've already told her;
    (a usted, ustedes) I've already told you;
    ( a ellos) I've already told them;

    2 ( en verbos pronominales):
    ◊ ¿no sé arrepienten? [ellos/ellas] aren't they sorry?;


    [ ustedes] aren't you sorry?;

    sé secó/secaron ( refl) he dried himself/they dried themselves;
    sé secó el pelo ( refl) she dried her hair;
    sé hizo un vestido ( refl) she made herself a dress;

    ( caus) she had a dress made;

    sé lo comió todo ( enf) he ate it all
    3
    a) ( voz pasiva):

    ◊ sé oyeron unos gritos there were shouts, I (o we etc) heard some shouts;

    sé publicó el año pasado it was published last year
    b) ( impersonal):


    sé castigará a los culpables those responsible will be punished
    c) (en normas, instrucciones):

    ◊ ¿cómo sé escribe tu nombre? how is your name spelled?, how do you spell your name?;

    sé pica la cebolla bien menuda chop the onion finely
    ser ( conjugate ser) cópula
    1 ( seguido de adjetivos) to be
    ◊ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1 es bajo/muy callado he's short/very quiet;

    es sorda de nacimiento she was born deaf;
    es inglés/católico he's English/(a) Catholic;
    era cierto it was true;
    sé bueno, estate quieto be a good boy and keep still;
    que seas muy feliz I hope you'll be very happy;

    (+ me/te/le etc)

    ver tb imposible, difícil etc
    2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;

    es viuda she's a widow;
    ver tb estar 1 cópula 2
    3 (seguido de nombre, pronombre) to be;

    ábreme, soy yo open the door, it's me
    4 (con predicado introducido por `de'):

    soy de Córdoba I'm from Cordoba;
    es de los vecinos it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors';
    no soy de aquí I'm not from around here
    5 (hipótesis, futuro):

    ¿será cierto? can it be true?
    verbo intransitivo
    1

    b) (liter) ( en cuentos):

    ◊ érase una vez … once upon a time there was …

    2
    a) (tener lugar, ocurrir):


    ¿dónde fue el accidente? where did the accident happen?

    ◊ ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him;

    ¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq);
    ¿qué va a ser de nosotros? what will become of us?
    3 ( sumar):
    ◊ ¿cuánto es (todo)? how much is that (altogether)?;

    son 3.000 pesos that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos;
    somos diez en total there are ten of us altogether
    4 (indicando finalidad, adecuación) sé para algo to be for sth;

    ( en locs)
    ◊ a no ser que (+ subj) unless;

    ¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq);
    como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what;
    hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done;
    el lunes o cuando sea next Monday or whenever;
    puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like;
    de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml);
    ¡eso es! that's it!, that's right!;
    es que …: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?;
    es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim;
    lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something;
    estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes;
    o sea: en febrero, o sea hace un mes in February, that is to say a month ago;
    o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested;
    o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out;
    (ya) sea …, (ya) sea … either …, or …;
    sea como sea at all costs;
    sea cuando sea whenever it is;
    sea donde sea no matter where;
    sea quien sea whoever it is;
    si no fuera/hubiera sido por … if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for …
    ( en el tiempo) to be;
    ◊ ¿qué fecha es hoy? what's the date today?, what's today's date;

    serían las cuatro cuando llegó it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived;
    ver tb v impers
    sé v impers to be;

    sé v aux ( en la voz pasiva) to be;
    fue construido en 1900 it was built in 1900
    ■ sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) ( ente) being;

    ◊ sé humano/vivo human/living being

    b) (individuo, persona):


    2 ( naturaleza):

    sé see
    ◊ saber, ser

    saber sustantivo masculino knowledge, learning, information
    saber
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (una cosa) to know: no sé su dirección, I don't know her address
    para que lo sepas, for your information
    que yo sepa, as far as I know
    2 (hacer algo) to know how to: no sabe nadar, he can't swim
    3 (capacidad, destreza) sabe dibujar muy bien, he knows how to draw really well
    4 (comportarse, reaccionar) can: no sabe aguantar una broma, she can't take a joke
    no sabe perder, he's a bad loser
    5 (tener conocimientos elevados sobre una materia) sabe mucho de música, she knows a lot about music
    6 (enterarse) to learn, find out: lo llamé en cuanto lo supe, I called him as soon as I heard about it
    7 (estar informado) sabía que te ibas a retrasar, he knew that you were going to be late
    8 (imaginar) no sabes qué frío hacía, you can't imagine how cold it was
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (sobre una materia) to know [de, of]: sé de un restaurante buenísimo, I know of a very good restaurant
    2 (tener noticias) (de alguien por él mismo) to hear from sb
    (de alguien por otros) to have news of sb
    (de un asunto) to hear about sthg
    3 (tener sabor) to taste [a, of]: este guiso sabe a quemado, this stew tastes burnt
    4 (producir agrado o desagrado) to like, please: me supo mal que no viniera, it upset me that he didn't come
    ♦ Locuciones: el saber no ocupa lugar, you can never learn too much
    me ha sabido a poco, I couldn't get enough of it
    quién sabe, who knows
    vas a saber lo que es bueno, I'll show you what's what
    vete a saber, God knows
    a saber, namely
    se pron pers
    1 (reflexivo) 3ª pers sing (objeto directo) (a sí mismo) himself
    (a sí misma) herself: se cuida mucho, she takes good care of herself
    (un animal a sí mismo) itself
    (objeto indirecto) (a sí mismo) (for o to) himself
    (a sí misma) (for o to) herself
    (un animal a sí mismo) for o to itself: el león se lamía las heridas, the lion licked its wounds
    plural (objeto directo) (a sí mismos) themselves
    (indirecto) (for o to) themselves
    2 frml 2.ª pers sing (objeto directo) (a usted mismo) yourself
    plural (a ustedes mismos) yourselves: dejen de minusvalorarse, stop underestimating yourselves
    3 (recíproco) each other, one another: se adoran, they adore each other
    4 (impersonal) cualquiera se puede equivocar, anyone can make a mistake
    se puede ir en tren, you can go by train
    se prohíbe aparcar, parking is forbidden
    4 (pasiva) la casa se construyó en 1780, the house was built in 1780
    se pron pers
    1 (objeto indirecto) 3.ª persona sing (masculino) (to o for) him
    (femenino) (to o for) her
    (plural) (to o for) them: se lo dedicó a Carla, he dedicated it to Carla
    se lo deletreé, I spelt it for him
    se lo susurró al oído, he whispered it in her ear
    2 2.ª persona (a usted o ustedes) (to o for) you: no se lo reprocho, I don't reproach you
    ser
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 being: es un ser despreciable, he's despicable
    ser humano, human being
    ser vivo, living being
    2 (esencia) essence: eso forma parte de su ser, that is part of him
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (cualidad) to be: eres muy modesto, you are very modest
    2 (fecha) to be: hoy es lunes, today is Monday
    ya es la una, it's one o'clock
    3 (cantidad) eran unos cincuenta, there were about fifty people
    (al pagar) ¿cuánto es?, how much is it?
    son doscientas, it is two hundred pesetas
    Mat dos y tres son cinco, two and three make five
    4 (causa) aquella mujer fue su ruina, that woman was his ruin
    5 (oficio) to be a(n): Elvira es enfermera, Elvira is a nurse
    6 (pertenencia) esto es mío, that's mine
    es de Pedro, it is Pedro's
    7 (afiliación) to belong: es del partido, he's a member of the party
    es un chico del curso superior, he is a boy from the higher year
    8 (origen) es de Málaga, she is from Málaga
    ¿de dónde es esta fruta? where does this fruit come from?
    9 (composición, material) to be made of: este jersey no es de lana, this sweater is not (made of) wool
    10 ser de, (afinidad, comparación) lo que hizo fue de tontos, what she did was a foolish thing
    11 (existir) Madrid ya no es lo que era, Madrid isn't what it used to be
    12 (suceder) ¿qué fue de ella?, what became of her?
    13 (tener lugar) to be: esta tarde es el entierro, the funeral is this evening 14 ser para, (finalidad) to be for: es para pelar patatas, it's for peeling potatoes
    (adecuación, aptitud) no es una película para niños, the film is not suitable for children
    esta vida no es para ti, this kind of life is not for you
    15 (efecto) era para llorar, it was painful
    es (como) para darle una bofetada, it makes me want to slap his face
    no es para tomárselo a broma, it is no joke
    16 (auxiliar en pasiva) to be: fuimos rescatados por la patrulla de la Cruz Roja, we were rescued by the Red Cross patrol
    17 ser de (+ infinitivo) era de esperar que se marchase, it was to be expected that she would leave
    ♦ Locuciones: a no ser que, unless
    como sea, anyhow
    de no ser por..., had it not been for
    es más, furthermore
    es que..., it's just that...
    lo que sea, whatever
    o sea, that is (to say)
    sea como sea, in any case o be that as it may
    ser de lo que no hay, to be the limit

    'sé' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abalanzarse
    - abandonarse
    - abarcar
    - abaratarse
    - abastecimiento
    - abatirse
    - abogada
    - abogado
    - abrazarse
    - abuela
    - aburrida
    - aburrido
    - acabarse
    - acaramelada
    - acaramelado
    - acaso
    - acentuarse
    - acercarse
    - achacar
    - achantarse
    - achuchar
    - aclimatarse
    - acomodarse
    - acto
    - actual
    - acuerdo
    - acumularse
    - acusarse
    - adelantarse
    - adherirse
    - adivinarse
    - administración
    - admitir
    - adónde
    - adscribirse
    - afanarse
    - aferrarse
    - agachar
    - agarrar
    - aglomerarse
    - agradecer
    - ahorcarse
    - aire
    - alargarse
    - alejarse
    - alma
    - alquilar
    - alrededor
    - alta
    English:
    A
    - ablaze
    - abstain
    - accessible
    - acclaim
    - accomplished
    - account
    - account for
    - accustom
    - actual
    - actually
    - address
    - administration
    - admit
    - adrift
    - advance
    - advantage
    - adventure
    - advice
    - advise
    - after
    - after-sales
    - ago
    - agree
    - ahead
    - aid
    - alienate
    - alike
    - alive
    - all
    - almost
    - alone
    - already
    - also
    - alter
    - always
    - ambit
    - ambush
    - ammunition
    - anonymous
    - another
    - anticipate
    - antiquated
    - antisexist
    - antsy
    - applaud
    - approach
    - apt
    - archives
    - arguable
    * * *
    SE (abrev de Sudeste)
    SE
    * * *
    SE
    abr (= sudeste) SE (= Southeast)
    * * *
    se pron
    1) : to him, to her, to you, to them
    se los daré a ella: I'll give them to her
    2) : each other, one another
    se abrazaron: they hugged each other
    3) : himself, herself, itself, yourself, yourselves, themselves
    se afeitó antes de salir: he shaved before leaving
    se dice que es hermosa: they say she's beautiful
    se habla inglés: English spoken
    sé saber, ser
    * * *
    se pron
    1. (él) himself
    2. (ella) herself
    3. (ello) itself
    4. (usted) yourself
    ¿se divierte usted? are you enjoying yourself?
    5. (ellos, ellas) themselves
    6. (ustedes) yourselves
    ¿se han divertido? have you enjoyed yourselves?
    7. (posesivo) his / her / its / your / their
    ¿se ha lavado las manos? has he washed his hands?
    8. (recíproco) each other / one another
    9. (impersonal, pasivo)
    se dice que... people say that...
    ¿cómo se escribe? how do you spell it?
    se ruega silencio silence, please
    10. (a él) to him / him
    11. (a ella) to her / her
    12. (a usted) to you / you
    13. (a ellos) to them / them

    Spanish-English dictionary > se

  • 8 recibo

    m.
    receipt.
    al recibo de tu carta… on receipt of your letter…
    acusar recibo de to acknowledge receipt of
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: recibir.
    * * *
    1 (resguardo) receipt
    2 (factura) invoice, bill
    3 (recepción) reception, receiving
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=factura) bill, account
    2) [de dinero] receipt
    3)

    ser de recibo —

    no es de recibo que... — it is unacceptable that...

    4) frm

    estar de recibo — [persona] to be at home, be at home to callers; [traje, objeto] to be ready for collection

    * * *
    1) ( de pago) receipt; ( justificante de compra) (sales) receipt; (de luz, teléfono) bill
    2) ( acción de recibir) receipt

    al recibo de esta carta — (frml) on o upon receipt of this letter

    * * *
    = bill, receipt, sales receipt, sales ticket.
    Ex. At the end of the month a machine can readily be made to read these and to print an ordinary bill.
    Ex. When he pulls a lever, contacts are made through the holes, machinery at a central point makes the necessary computations and entries, and the proper receipt is printed for the salesman to pass to the customer.
    Ex. The textbooks must be in mint condition and the original sales receipt presented.
    Ex. Reimbursement will not be made until original sales tickets are furnished.
    ----
    * acuse de recibo = acknowledgement of receipt.
    * no ser de recibo = be unacceptable.
    * recibo del teléfono = telephone bill.
    * * *
    1) ( de pago) receipt; ( justificante de compra) (sales) receipt; (de luz, teléfono) bill
    2) ( acción de recibir) receipt

    al recibo de esta carta — (frml) on o upon receipt of this letter

    * * *
    = bill, receipt, sales receipt, sales ticket.

    Ex: At the end of the month a machine can readily be made to read these and to print an ordinary bill.

    Ex: When he pulls a lever, contacts are made through the holes, machinery at a central point makes the necessary computations and entries, and the proper receipt is printed for the salesman to pass to the customer.
    Ex: The textbooks must be in mint condition and the original sales receipt presented.
    Ex: Reimbursement will not be made until original sales tickets are furnished.
    * acuse de recibo = acknowledgement of receipt.
    * no ser de recibo = be unacceptable.
    * recibo del teléfono = telephone bill.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de pago) receipt
    2 (justificante de compra) receipt, sales receipt o slip o ( AmE) check
    3 (de la luz, del teléfono) bill
    al recibo de esta carta ( frml); on o upon receipt of this letter
    acuso recibo de su carta de fecha … I acknowledge receipt of your letter dated …
    no ser de recibo to be unacceptable
    * * *

     

    Del verbo recibir: ( conjugate recibir)

    recibo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    recibir    
    recibo
    recibir ( conjugate recibir) verbo transitivo ( en general) to receive;

    reciba un atento saludo de … (Corresp) sincerely yours (AmE), yours faithfully/sincerely (BrE);
    recibo a algn con los brazos abiertos to welcome sb with open arms;
    van a ir a recibolo they are going to meet him;
    el encargado la reciboá enseguida the manager will see you right away
    recibirse verbo pronominal (AmL) (Educ) to graduate;
    recibose de algo to qualify as sth
    recibo sustantivo masculino ( en general) receipt;

    (de luz, teléfono) bill
    recibir
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (un regalo, llamada, etc) to receive, get: recibieron una mala noticia, they were given some bad news
    recibió un golpe en la espalda, he was hit on the back
    (un premio) to win
    2 (en el despacho) to receive
    (acoger) to welcome
    (en el aeropuerto, etc) to meet
    3 (un consejo) no le gusta recibir consejos, she doesn't like taking advice
    4 Telec to receive
    5 (un nombre) estas construcciones reciben el nombre de basílicas, these buildings are called basilicas
    II vi (admitir visitas) to receive, see visitors: esta doctora sólo recibe los martes y los jueves, the doctor is only available for consultation on Tuesday and Thursday
    recibo sustantivo masculino
    1 (de una transacción comercial) receipt
    2 (factura) bill
    recibo del gas, gas bill
    3 (acción) receipt
    ♦ Locuciones: acusar recibo de, to acknowledge receipt of
    no ser de recibo, to be unacceptable
    ' recibo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acusar
    - acuse
    - concepto
    - cuenta
    - factura
    - maldita
    - maldito
    - recargar
    - tique
    - tíquet
    - boleta
    English:
    acknowledge
    - acknowledgement
    - bill
    - check
    - electricity bill
    - keep
    - receipt
    - return receipt
    - sign for
    - ticket
    - acknowledgment
    - pay
    - sales
    - sign
    * * *
    recibo nm
    1. [recepción] receipt;
    al recibo de tu carta… on receipt of your letter…;
    acusar recibo de to acknowledge receipt of
    2. [documento] [de compra] receipt
    3. [del gas, de la luz] bill
    4. Comp
    ser de recibo: su actuación no fue de recibo their performance wasn't up to scratch;
    no sería de recibo ocultarle la situación it wouldn't be right not to tell her what the situation is;
    no es de recibo que ahora nos traten así it's not on for them to treat us like that
    * * *
    m (sales) receipt;
    ser de recibo be acceptable
    * * *
    recibo nm
    : receipt
    * * *
    1. (factura) bill
    2. (de un pago) receipt

    Spanish-English dictionary > recibo

  • 9 давать слово

    I
    • ДАВАТЬ/ДАТЬ СЛОВО (кому; ПРЕДОСТАВЛЯТЬ/ПРЕДОСТАВИТЬ СЛОВО
    [VP; subj: human]
    =====
    ⇒ to allow s.o. to speak (usu. at a meeting, conference etc):
    - X gave Y the opportunity < the chance> to speak;
    - X called on < upon> Y to speak.
         ♦ Хочешь высказаться, тяни повыше руку, заметят - дадут слово, не то что в Союзе писателей (Войнович 3). You want to express yourself, just raise your hand, they'll notice you and give you the floor, not like in the Writer's Union (3a).
         ♦ [Гомыра (поднимается, идёт к Фролову):] Вася, дай слово мне (Вампилов 3). [G. (getting up and going to Frolov):] Vasya, let me have the floor (3b).
         ♦ Затем предоставлено было слово самому подсудимому. Митя встал, но сказал немного (Достоевский 2). Then the defendant himself was given the opportunity to speak. Mitya stood up, but said little (2a).
         ♦ Дроздов дал слово мне, и я ответила, что от всей души благодарю за советы (Каверин 1). Drozdov called on me to speak and I replied that I was deeply grateful for the advice (1a).
    II
    • ДАВАТЬ/ДАТЬ СЛОВО
    [VP; subj: human]
    =====
    1. давать слово (кому) [usu. foll. by infin or a что-clause]
    ⇒ to make a promise to s.o., assure s.o. of sth. or guarantee sth. with an oath:
    - X promised (Y).
         ♦ Василиса Егоровна принудила его во всём признаться, дав ему слово не рассказывать о том никому (Пушкин 2). Vassilissa Yegorovna forced him to tell her everything, after giving him her word that she would not say a word of it to anyone (2b).
         ♦ "...Дай мне слово никогда не охотиться на оленей!" (Искандер 5). "...Pledge me your word never to hunt deer!" (5a).
    2. obsoles [subj: usu. female]
    ⇒ to agree to marry s.o.:
    - X дала слово Y-y - X pledged to marry Y.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > давать слово

  • 10 дать слово

    I
    • ДАВАТЬ/ДАТЬ СЛОВО (кому; ПРЕДОСТАВЛЯТЬ/ПРЕДОСТАВИТЬ СЛОВО
    [VP; subj: human]
    =====
    ⇒ to allow s.o. to speak (usu. at a meeting, conference etc):
    - X gave Y the opportunity < the chance> to speak;
    - X called on < upon> Y to speak.
         ♦ Хочешь высказаться, тяни повыше руку, заметят - дадут слово, не то что в Союзе писателей (Войнович 3). You want to express yourself, just raise your hand, they'll notice you and give you the floor, not like in the Writer's Union (3a).
         ♦ [Гомыра (поднимается, идёт к Фролову):] Вася, дай слово мне (Вампилов 3). [G. (getting up and going to Frolov):] Vasya, let me have the floor (3b).
         ♦ Затем предоставлено было слово самому подсудимому. Митя встал, но сказал немного (Достоевский 2). Then the defendant himself was given the opportunity to speak. Mitya stood up, but said little (2a).
         ♦ Дроздов дал слово мне, и я ответила, что от всей души благодарю за советы (Каверин 1). Drozdov called on me to speak and I replied that I was deeply grateful for the advice (1a).
    II
    • ДАВАТЬ/ДАТЬ СЛОВО
    [VP; subj: human]
    =====
    1. дать слово (кому) [usu. foll. by infin or a что-clause]
    ⇒ to make a promise to s.o., assure s.o. of sth. or guarantee sth. with an oath:
    - X promised (Y).
         ♦ Василиса Егоровна принудила его во всём признаться, дав ему слово не рассказывать о том никому (Пушкин 2). Vassilissa Yegorovna forced him to tell her everything, after giving him her word that she would not say a word of it to anyone (2b).
         ♦ "...Дай мне слово никогда не охотиться на оленей!" (Искандер 5). "...Pledge me your word never to hunt deer!" (5a).
    2. obsoles [subj: usu. female]
    ⇒ to agree to marry s.o.:
    - X дала слово Y-y - X pledged to marry Y.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > дать слово

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